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Anatomy & Physiology of Tissue Types: Uni-Multi-Pseudo

Explore the four basic kinds of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous, their locations, functions, and characteristics. Learn about epithelial tissue types and connective tissue variations like adipose, bone, blood, and hyaline cartilage. Understand muscle tissue functions in movement, and the role of nervous tissue in regulating body functions.

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Anatomy & Physiology of Tissue Types: Uni-Multi-Pseudo

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Types

  2. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots • Uni – one • Multi – many • Pseudo – false • Osseous – bone • Nucleate – nucleus • Histo- tissue • Epi – above

  3. Key Terms • Histology: • the study of tissues • Tissues: • groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions

  4. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues • Epithelial Tissue • Connective Tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nervous Tissue

  5. Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Locations: Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury, Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures. • Covers the body; has one unattached surface • Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body • Covers the organs inside body cavities

  6. Types of Epithelial Tissue • Simple squamous epithelium • Stratified squamous epithelium • Simple cubodial epithelium • Simple columnar epithelium • Pseudostratfied columnar epithelium

  7. Squamous Epithelium Simple Squamous • Simple – a single layer • squamous – flat • Lines alveoli of lungs, which allows the passive transport of gases. • Stratified – several layers • Forms the epidermis of the skin Stratified Squamous

  8. Duct Duct Cuboidal Epithelium Cuboid Cells • Simple – one cell thick • Roughly cube shaped • Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Cuboid Cells

  9. Columnar Epithelium • Simple – one cell thick • Column shaped (long & narrow) • Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs. • Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells

  10. Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Location: Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues Insulates (fat) Transports substances (blood) • Most abundant & widely distributed tissue

  11. Connective - Adipose • Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance • Stores energy (fat) • Insulates • Supports & protects organs

  12. Connective – Bone (Osseous) • Tree ring-like appearance • Supports & protects • Mineral storage • Fat storage • Blood cell production

  13. Connective - Blood • Only fluid connective tissue • Removes wastes from cells • Supplies nutrients and oxygen to cells

  14. Connective – Hyaline Cartilage • Supports while providing flexibility • Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) • Holds open respiratory passages • Most abundant type of cartilage in body

  15. Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Location: Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis • Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart, and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.

  16. Muscle - Skeletal • Muscle fibers (cells) long, parallel & cylindrical • With many nuclei (multinucleate) • Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells • Produce voluntary movement • Locomotion • Heat

  17. Muscle - Smooth • Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei • Arranged to form sheets • No striations • Pushes substances or objects (food, urine, babies) through passageways • Involuntary control

  18. Muscle - Cardiac • Branching, striated, uninucleate with special intercalated discs branches • Contracts to propel blood into circulation • Involuntary control Intercalated disc

  19. Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue Location: Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons. • Main component of the nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.

  20. Nervous – Neuron • Branching cells with many long processes • Large central nucleus • Regulates activities by transmitting impulses from one area of the body to another

  21. Resource • Adapted from the Anatomy PowerPoint of J. A. Giacobbe, South Pointe High School, Phoenix, AZ

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