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Introduction to Radiobiology: Effects of Radiation on Living Organisms

This lecture on radiobiology by Dr. Mamdouh El-Sawi explores the effects of radiation on living organisms and the use of radioactive substances as tracers for biological processes. The lecture covers various variables in radiobiology, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, as well as the potential alterations and late effects caused by radiation. It also addresses reproductive effects such as infertility and sterility.

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Introduction to Radiobiology: Effects of Radiation on Living Organisms

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  1. First Lecture

  2. RadiobiologyBy Dr. Mamdouh El-Sawi Is the branch of biology concerned with:- • The effects of radiation on living organisms. • The study of biological processes using radioactive substances as tracers.

  3. There are two main points we should put into consideration to understand radiobiology:- • The first is the categories of the many variables of radiobiology, these include the following:-

  4. 1)-Physical variables: e.g. • type of radiation • Energy • LET • Dose • dose rate • fractionation (partial vs whole body; acute vs chronic).

  5. 2)-Chemical variables: e.g. • O2 • H2O content • Nature of molecule • Radioprotectors • Radiosensitizers • pH and • Competing solute.

  6. 3)-Biological variables: • Cell type • degree of differentiation, • likelihood of division, • rate of proliferation, • cell cycle stage, • repair (cellular, molecular), • inherent radiosensitivity, • tissue, • Age & sex.

  7. The secondis the biology in radiobiology and this includes: 1)-What might radiation alter? A-Cell structure • Function • Metabolism • Cycle • Division & variability. B-Tissue structure and function. C-Organ function. D-Life of the animal or human being.

  8. 2)-What late effects might result? • Mutation • Cancer induction • Terratogenesis • Non-specific life shortening • Cataract formation. 3)-Other effects Reproductive effects: • Infertility and sterility.

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