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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity

Ancient Rome and Early Christianity. The Roman Republic Chapter 6 Section 1. Vocab. Republic Hannibal Patrician Plebian Tribune Consul Senate Dictator Legion Punic Wars. Origins of Rome. Legend of Rome: Founded in 753 B.C.E. by Romulus and Remus Twin sons of the god Mars

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Ancient Rome and Early Christianity

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  1. Ancient Rome and Early Christianity The Roman Republic Chapter 6 Section 1

  2. Vocab • Republic Hannibal • Patrician • Plebian • Tribune • Consul • Senate • Dictator • Legion • Punic Wars

  3. Origins of Rome • Legend of Rome: • Founded in 753 B.C.E. by Romulus and Remus • Twin sons of the god Mars • Abandoned at the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf

  4. Origins of Rome • The First Roman’s • First to arrive between 1000-500 B.C.E • 3 groups of people • Latin's- settled in Rome on Palatine Hill • Greek’s- establish colonies along southern Italy and Sicily • Etruscan’s- native born to Italy; skilled in metalwork and engineering; Roman’s will adopt their alphabet

  5. Early Republic • Last King of Rome: • Tarquin the Proud- harsh king driven from power in 509 B.C.E. • Roman’s vowed they would never be ruled by a king again • Create republic; (res publica) citizens who have the right to vote for a leader • Citizen- only free white males

  6. Early Republic Patricians Plebeians Plebeians: Plebeians: common farmers, artisans, merchants who make up the majority population Had the right to vote but could not hold important public office Tribunes- elected representatives of the plebeians to protect the rights of the plebeians from the patricians • Patricians: • Patricians: wealthy land owners • Inherited power and wealth; claim that status gives them authority to make laws for Rome

  7. Early Republic • Twelve Tables: • Plebeians get a written law code • Now patricians cannot twist the laws to benefit themselves • 451 B.C.E. Rome’s laws are scribed on 12 tablets hung in the forum

  8. Government under the Republic • “Balanced” Government: • Romans believed they had taken the best aspects of a monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy

  9. Government under the Republic • Consuls: • (2) Like kings; rule for 1 yr, cannot be re-elected for another 10yrs. • Run the military and the government • One consul could always overrule or veto the other

  10. Government under the Republic • Senate: • Aristocratic branch of the government • Held both legislative and administrative responsibilities • 300 members chosen from Rome’s elite • Influence in both foreign and domestic affairs • Tribal Assembly; made up of plebeians elected tribunes to create laws for the common man

  11. Government under the Republic • Dictator: • Absolute power to make laws and command the army • In times of crisis the Romans would elect a dictator to protect Rome • Power only last for 6 months • Picked by the consuls and elected by the senate

  12. Rome Spreads its Power • Roman Army • Placed great value on the military • All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army • Certain political office required 10 yrs of service • Legion: 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry • Century- 80 men

  13. Rome Spreads its Power • Rome Conquers Italy • 4th century B.C.E. dominate central Italy • Defeat the Etruscans in the north and the Greek states in the south • 265 B.C.E. Rome controls Italy • The Latins were made full citizens of Rome • Most conquered people became citizens without the right to vote • Or became allies; Rome would not interfere with allies as long as they gave troops and didn’t make treaties with another state

  14. Rome Spreads its Power • Rome’s Trading • Rome traded large amounts of goods with people throughout the Mediterranean Sea • Carthage, colony in North Africa begins to challenge Rome’s power……

  15. Rome Spreads its Power • Punic Wars: • 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264- 146 B.C.E. • 1st Punic War: • Fought to control Sicily and the West Med. And Rome wins (1-0) • Lasts 23 yrs

  16. Rome Spreads its Power • 2nd Punic War (218 B.C.E.): • Hannibal: Carthaginian general • 29 yrs old; brilliant military strategists • Wants to avenge Carthage defeat • 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants • Surprise attack; from Spain through France and down through the Alps

  17. Rome Spreads its Power • Rome Triumphs: • General Scipio- Roman general that devised a plan to attack Carthage • Forcing Hannibal to leave his campaign in Italy • Battle of Zama 202 B.C.E. • Roman’s finally defeat Hannibal (2-0)

  18. Rome Spreads its Power • Third Punic War 149-146 B.C.E. • Rome lays seize to Carthage • Burn the city to the ground • 50,000 people sold into slavery

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