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Swine Breeds: Characteristics, Origin, and Operation Overview

Explore the main characteristics and origin of various swine breeds while gaining insights into the evolving swine enterprise landscape. Learn about the Corn Belt states leading in hog production, technological advancements, and breed selection criteria.

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Swine Breeds: Characteristics, Origin, and Operation Overview

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  1. Breeds of Swine Chapter 20

  2. Objectives • List the main characteristics of the swine enterprise • Identify the major breeds of swine by body characteristics • Summarize the origin and development of the common breeds of swine

  3. Overview of the Swine Enterprise • Corn Belt states remain the major swine-producing region • IA, NC, MN, IL, IN, NE, and MO lead nation in total hogs produced • Ongoing trend toward large, corporate-owned swine operations • Small, local operations also increasing

  4. Overview of the Swine Enterprise (cont.) • Required technology investment making it more difficult to get into the business • Those in business using better facilities, technology, and genetics for efficiency • Most facilities still follow the farrow-to-finish enterprise model • Specialization facilities are increasing

  5. Overview of the Swine Enterprise (cont.) • Major growth in vertical integration, similar to that of poultry industry • Same company produces the animals and owns the packing plants that slaughter animals • Some states have fought with legislation • Hogs have been a popular farm enterprise due to faster return on investment

  6. Selection of a Breed • When selecting breeds for crossbreeding, consider • Litter size • Growth rate • Feed efficiency • Carcass length • Leanness and muscle

  7. Selection of a Breed (cont.) • Performance test records should be accessed when selecting individual animals • Breed associations provide information on individual breeds • Purebred animals may be registered in their respective associations

  8. Characteristics of the Breeds • American Landrace

  9. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Berkshire

  10. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Chester White

  11. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Duroc

  12. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Hampshire

  13. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Hereford

  14. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Pietrain

  15. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Poland China

  16. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Spotted Swine

  17. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Tamworth

  18. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Yorkshire

  19. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Yorkshire (cont.)

  20. Characteristics of the Breeds (cont.) • Chinese Pigs

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