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America has been targeted

America has been targeted. America has been attacked. America has suffered. Bioterrorism. A Nation Challenged. Domestic Preparedness and Response. The Challenges of Local /Federal Partnership. Comprehensive strategic assessment of bioterrorism is required.

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America has been targeted

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  1. America has been targeted

  2. America has been attacked

  3. America has suffered

  4. Bioterrorism A Nation Challenged

  5. Domestic Preparedness and Response

  6. The Challenges of Local /Federal Partnership

  7. Comprehensive strategic assessment of bioterrorism is required

  8. Biothreat AssessmentCapability + Intent

  9. Capability • “Loose bugs” readily available • The list of threat agents is formidable and growing • Relatively inexpensive due to available technologies for production and storage • Dissemination now more easily accomplished • Requisite knowledge and competency readily available • “Dual use” technology makes it difficult to identify clandestine R & D activities • Emergence of genetically engineered bioagents

  10. IntentNation/States, groups, and individuals of domestic and international origins motivated by diverse political, social, economic, religious, or criminal intent view the increased availability of bioagents as an opportunity to wage asymmetric warfare

  11. Washington PostNovember 5, 2002 “The Bush Administration concludes that four nations possess unsanctioned stockpiles of Smallpox virus.” France, Iraq, North Korea and Russia “two unnamed officials”

  12. Zealots, extremists, and malicious opportunists will not be constrained by moral and ethical considerations.

  13. Bioterrorism • Credible Threat • Low Probability/High Consequence

  14. Risk Assessment Threat/Assets/Vulnerabilities Combinations

  15. America is Vulnerable

  16. DeficienciesinPlanning and Preparation

  17. Federal/Community Strategies were Seriously Flawed

  18. Domestic Preparedness StrategyNational Strategy Federal Response Plan Terrorism Incident AnnexCommunity Strategy Escalation of E.M.S. System Response

  19. Federal Strategy Assumed: • Coordination of Multiple Federal Agencies • Appropriate Planning/Response • Integration of Federal Family Into Community Response

  20. Major Federal Response Initiatives • Department of Health & Human Services • Department of Defense • Department of Justice • Federal Emergency Management Agency

  21. Community Strategy Assumed: • Disaster Plan Exists • Specific WMD Incident Plan Exists • Realization of Needs and Losses • Self Sufficiency

  22. Unique characteristics of nuclear, chemical, and biological threats impose the need for a unique defense doctrine for each threat category.

  23. Adoption of a “holistic” doctrine for biodefense remains elusive but vital

  24. No Centralized Federal Coordination

  25. August 1998 Stakeholders Meeting - Issues for the Federal Government • Identifysingle lead federal agencyto serve as aclearinghouseand coordinate thedistribution of federal programs and guidance to state and local communities • Identifysingle program and policy office to integrate federal programsfor terrorism-related assistance

  26. U.S. RESPONSE TO CBW TERRORISM AND DOMESTIC PREPAREDNESS Courtesy of the Center for Nonproliferation Studies/Monterey Institute of International Studies

  27. The organizational framework of the national response strategy is dysfunctional due to excessive fragmentation which has generated a combination of ill-defined and overlapping responsibilities.

  28. No Authority Structure Decays Federal Efforts Undermines Federal Partnership with State and Local Communities

  29. No Authority Structure Communication Issues Planning Response

  30. Department of Homeland Security

  31. HomelandSecurityDepartment

  32. Bioterrorism Response “National Response” Community Response First Federal Response Follows

  33. Improper Planning Models

  34. Bioweapons present a far more complex problem than nuclear or chemical weapons • Diversity of available biologic agents • Diversity of vulnerable targets • Diversity of bioassault routes • Mimic natural epidemics • Insidious onset with latent period • Infective/contagious characteristics • Lethality • Prophylaxis and treatment issues

  35. ALL HAZARDS APPROACH

  36. Chemical Decontaminaton Trainingca. 1996 Jacksonville, North Carolina, USA

  37. Strategic principles to enhance biodefense capabilities • Faster diagnosis of bioattack saves lives • Faster diagnosis accelerates the mobilization of treatment and containment actions

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