Insert photo: 9.64 mm high x 25.4 mm wide

1. Electronic Toll Collection Systems Insert photo: 9.64 mm high x 25.4 mm wide

2. Agenda • 01 Approach for Introducing Tolling • 02 Objectives of Toll Collection • 03 Tolling Schemes • 04 ETC Technologies • 05 Value Added Applications • 06 Success Factors • 07 Facts & Figures: A and CZ

3. Kapsch TrafficCom – Snapshot

4. Approach when Introducing Tolling 1) Definition of the transport policy objectives and the legal basis Work out of a “toll master plan” defining the policy (“What are the objectives of the toll?”) Work out of a toll legislation (“toll act”) defining the necessary rules, principles and administrative procedures (“How is the toll defined – fee vs. tax? Who is entitled to collect toll? Who is in charge of compliance checking and enforcement (e.g. police, customs, etc.)?”) 2) Definition of the tolling scheme Depending on the objectives defined by the toll master plan an appropriate scheme has to be selected which best reflects the aims of the toll collection system (“Who has to pay toll? Which roads/zones/objects will be tolled? Distance-/Time-based? Tariffs? etc.”) 3) Selection of the technology The selection of the base technology has to be in line with the scheme to be implemented and should reflect the specific requirements of a given country for the entire life-time of the system

5. Objectives of Toll Collection I. Financing of traffic Typically a mixture of financial tools is being applied (tolling is one of them) Fair pay per use principle Provides a maximum in flexibility in pursuing specific transport policy aims (traffic management, environmental protection) II. Traffic management Making users more aware of the costs of road use Regulating traffic demand Static, variable, and dynamic pricing III. Environmental protection More and more tolling plays an essential role in the greening of transport Allows to cut down emissions by reducing traffic Allows to promote low emission engines through low tariffs

6. Tolling Schemes - Overview Network Tolling Object Tolling Urban Tolling & Access Restriction • Highways / federal roads (/rural roads) • Financing, traffic management, environmental protection • Distance-based or time-based • Truck-tolling /all vehicle tolling • Short range communication, GNSS, or Hybrid • Example: CZ, D, AUS, CH, I, F • City centers • Financing, traffic management, environmental protection • Tolling, access restriction, low emission zones • Static or variable pricing or driving bans/restricted access • All vehicles • Short range/ANPR • Examples: London, Stockholm, Bergamo, Munich • Tunnels, bridges, or highway concessions • Financing • Passage based pricing • Conventional tolling (manual / ETC single lanes) • All vehicles • Examples: Öresund bridge (S-DK), Tauerntunnel (A)

7. ETC MLFF Technologies Short-range communication ETC systems: EU: 5.8 GHz CEN DSRC (US: 915 MHz/5.9 GHz WAVE) Standardized (e.g. 5.8 CEN DSRC) > Interoperability Low cost onboard units Low operational costs (no over-the-air data transfer) Highest accuracy Roadside stations needed Infrastructure can be shared with other applications Satellite positioning ETC systems: GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO Thin client vs. thick client More expensive onboard unit Higher operational costs (over-the-air data transfer) No roadside equipment (flexibility) Video ETC systems: ANPR (Automated Number Plate Recognition) Vehicles don’t have to be equipped with an onboard unit Ideal for city environments Manual verification needed (no 100% capturing rate) Hybrid DSRC/GNSS ETC systems Hybrid DSRC/ANPR ETC systems

8. Choosing the right ETC Technology (“ETC Technology Matrix”) Hybrid sample:  DSRC GNSS

9. Sample System: Kapsch Area (Hybrid DSRC/GNSS) Overview: • Kapsch Area is a hybrid system based on GNSS/GPRS and DSRC technologies; it allows a combination of DSRC tolling on highways and other main roads and GNSS tolling where roadside infrastructure possibilities are limited How it works: • Vehicles are equipped with a hybrid DSRC/GNSS OBU • OBU works in short-range mode on “DSRC routes” • OBU automatically switches to GNSS/GSM on other roads • Pure GNSS operation is possible too Characteristics: • Hybrid system • Thin client system (cost effective OBU, central tariff & map updates) • High flexibility (easy adding of new toll objects) • High accuracy (optimized map matching) • High security (encryption of all data)

10. Enforcement Overview: • Enforcement has to be an integral part of each tolling concept ensuring that fraud is being reduced to a minimum, securing the income of the road operator and ensuring fairness to all road users How it works: • Automated enforcement equipment detects potential violators • Manual verification of incidents in the enforcement center • Mobile enforcement is able to catch violators on street and do sporadic on-site checks Available enforcement systems: • Fixed enforcement stations (for permanent compliance checking at strategically important locations) • Portable enforcement equipment (> surprise effect) • Mobile enforcement vehicles for on-site checks of flowing traffic • Handheld devices for manual checks at rest areas etc. • Enforcement center (as part of the back office system)

11. Possible ETC-based Value-Adding ITS Applications Electronic Toll Collection System Traffic Information, Management & Planning End-user Mobility Services Safety & Security Industry Solutions • Access • Payment • Fleet tracking • Pay-as-you-drive insurance • Traffic monitoring • Traffic statistics • Traffic flow analysis • Speed monitoring • HazMat tracking • Traffic surveillance • 16.06.2010

12. Success Factors • System should ensure a maximum in profitability ( optimize business case) • High accuracy for ensuring maximum income (1 billion income p.a.: 0,1% less accuracy  1 million less income!) • Low initial system costs (e.g. low cost OBUs) • Cost-effective system operation (high automation rate, minimal communication costs etc.) • Future-oriented system concept ( ensure investment protection) • Initial concept and technology decision should take future extensions into account (e.g. “from HGV to AV tolling” or “from highway to all road tolling”) • Ensuring interoperability (e.g. with neighboring countries and local tolling schemes) • Working technology ( minimize project risk) • Matured and proven technology • Guaranteeing maximal incomes through high tolling and enforcement quotas • Providing scalability with respect to increasing user numbers (AV tolling 5-10 times more transactions than HGV!) • Providing flexibility and openness with respect to future requirements (additional roads, traffic telematics) • Professional project management ( ensure in-time system start) • Experienced project partner knowing how to implement nationwide charging systems • Single provider (fully integrated solution rather than a patchwork approach) • Professional handling of sub-contractors

13. Facts & figures: Truck Tolling in Austria and the Czech Republic

14. Think of Traffic as an Opportunity. • Peter UmmenhoferHead of Competence Center Traffic Telematics Solutions • Kapsch TrafficCom AGLakeside B03 | 9020 Klagenfurt | AustriaPhone +43 (0)50 811 7810 | Mobile +43 (0)664 628 7810E-Mail peter.ummenhofer@kapsch.net | www.kapsch.net Please Note: The content of this presentation is the intellectual property of Kapsch AG and all rights are reserved with respect to the copying, reproduction, alteration, utilization, disclosure or transfer of such content to third parties. The foregoing is strictly prohibited without the prior written authorization of Kapsch TrafficCom AG. Product and company names may be registered brand names or protected trademarks of third parties and are only used herein for the sake of clarification and to the advantage of the respective legal owner without the intention of infringing proprietary rights.