JRA4: Regulation, Standards and Governance

1. JRA4: Regulation, Standards and Governance Chris Marsden (Sussex)

2. Deliverables: catalogues/tools next JRA4

3. Overview of Work Performed/Achievements • D4.1 overview delivered on time at M12. • Progress accelerated significantly and satisfactorily over the second half of 2012, • Teamwork has been significantly enhanced • recruitment of Zevenbergen in Sep 12. • Coordination with other JRAs also accelerated significantly in Q3/Q4 2012. JRA4

4. Deliverables & Meetings • D4.1 delivered in M12 – • Authors Marsden, Powell, Pavan, Merzouki, edited Zevenbergen • Inaugural EINS 22 Dec’11 • Plenary EINS 9 April • remote MP3 by Chris Marsden, discussion led by Heiko Niedermeyer on behalf of SEA2/JRA4. • Oslo workshop (Bygrave) 21 August with JRA5 • Summer School Oxford August 2012 • Workshop Turin 10 Sept 2012 • D4.1 Nov 2012 framework, meeting fortnightly in London JRA4

5. Links with other WPs/projects • Marsden joined Executive Board in July 2012 (replacing Brown, OXF), • acted thereafter as an informal sounding board for other JRA leaders and SEA leaders who are not formally represented on the Exec Board. • JRA5 with JRA4 organized a half-day Internet Science workshop on “Technical standards and privacy by design” hosted Oslo Aug 21, 2012. • Marsden presented initial work plan and research hypotheses at a seminar hosted by JRA1 leader Kave Salmatian at U.Savoie, 7 Sept. • SEA2’s leader Heikoengaged with JRA4, attending Turin 10 Sept • we hope to progress to joint activities in 2013/14. • NEXA/Sussex/Warwick/others submitted STREPS bid January 2013 • Marsden/Powell attended JRA2 workshop ‘Thinking Architecturally’: • provided opportunity to discuss standards participation informally with MIT/USC. • Powell blogged her impressions of the workshop on the EINS website at: http://www.internet-science.eu/blogs/30-11-2012/444 JRA4

6. Future Task R4.2: Repository of governance tools • Development of these tools moves beyond traditional ‘dialogue of the deaf’ interaction • nation states/civil society/expert standards • (e.g. IETF, ETSI, W3C, ITU-T), • Towards understanding of • Needs/requirements for future Internet design • based on broad socio-political buy-in • (or at least better informed acquiescence) • in the design process and outcomes. • Tools to achieve this? JRA4

7. Task R4.3: Standards body case studies • Catalogue of standards bodies & functions. • telecoms and Internet standards, • complex interplays and trade-offs between the various bodies and their design choices. • Thus, an immediate contrast is evident between the IETF, ETSI and W3C models, for example. • potential legitimacy gap between best practice design and socio-political trust in expert design. • Essential governance questions will be identified throughout the duration of this task • meaningful analysis based on the increasingly developing methodologies of this JRA. JRA4

8. Case Studies • Open hardware standards (Alison/LSE) • Internet addressing infrastructure: ICANN and DNS (Lee/Oslo) • Open data standards, science commons (NEXA) • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) processes (Kave/Savoie) JRA4

9. Template Methodology: EDEKO • Environmental Drivers • Details of standards body process • Enforcement of standards • Key Actors in policy process • Outcomes • policy value-chain driven, • intended to capture dynamic evolution of SSOs. • Previous institutional policy approaches • Levy/Spiller (1994), Tambini, Marsden (2008) Price and Verhulst (2000), Marsden, Cave et al (2008). JRA4

10. Conclusions • Successful collaborations so far • Joint workshop with JRA5; several joint speaking engagements • Citation score of D4.1 should be maximised • Likely to be most cited report from JRA4 • Greater integration can be achieved • For instance with JRA5 and SEA2 (in progress) • Future academic/policy workshops • EuroCPR 2 papers (Marsden/Brown and Powell) • E.g. IGF November 2013, TPRC 2014 JRA4

11. 1. Environmental Drivers • policy environment and its drivers. • social impact of standards and adoption. • socially successful standards body: • a. entry barriers in its market; • b. network/scale effects that successful technologies deploy; • c. user demand and creation of new markets/solutions; • d. competition for standards. JRA4

12. 2. Details of SSO technical solutions: • layer at which standards solutions are deployed according to the OSI layers model, • location of deployment and identity of user constituency: • manufacturers of routers and other control devices, • ISPs as access bottlenecks, • servers located with application developers and • in Content Delivery Networks, or • software clients which operate on users' computers • (for instance web browsers) JRA4

13. Steps 3-5 • 3. Enforcement of standards • by authors, users and developers, • role of governments in attempting to regulate standards in the public interest. • 4. Key actors: national, regional and global. • Examine legitimacy and accountability, particularly role of multi-stakeholderism. • 5. Outcomes from the political economy of each case study, assessed according to • transparency of outcome; • enforcement of regulatory goals; • interoperability as a solution; and • efficiency. JRA4