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Uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women in Ontario: Results from the HIV seroprevalence study to June 2002. Robert S. Remis, Carol Swantee, Carol Major, Margaret Fearon, Evelyn Wallace, Peggy Millson, Liviana Calzavara, Elizabeth Rea, Susan King, Marion Vermeulen, Elaine Whittingham and

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Acknowledgments

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  1. Uptake of HIV testing among pregnant women in Ontario: Results from the HIV seroprevalence study to June 2002 Robert S. Remis, Carol Swantee, Carol Major, Margaret Fearon, Evelyn Wallace, Peggy Millson, Liviana Calzavara, Elizabeth Rea, Susan King, Marion Vermeulen, Elaine Whittingham and Robert Palmer Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto; Laboratories Branch and Public Health Branch, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term-Care; Toronto Public Health; Hospital for Sick Children Ontario HIV Treatment Network, 4th Annual Research Day, Toronto, Ontario, November 28, 2002

  2. Acknowledgments • Central Public Health Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care • Keyi Wu, programming • Mark Fisher, systems consulting and custom download • Prenatal Screening Evaluation Committee • Frank McGee, co-ordinator • Janis Tripp, consultant • Funding • AIDS Bureau, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care • Bureau of HIV/AIDS, STD and TB, Health Canada

  3. Background • 1989-91: Ontario HIV seroprevalence study (Coates et al), 0.23 / 1,000 • February 1994: ACTG 076 showed ZDV reduced mother-infant HIV transmission by 67% • 1997: Modelled HIV prevalence, 0.70/1,000 and estimated uptake of prenatal HIV testing 1994-96, 20–25%

  4. Ontario HIV screening program • Spring 1995: Advisory to physicians to consider HIV testing of pregnant women at increased HIV risk • August 1997: Committee formed to plan program • December 1998: Minister announced program to offer HIV testing to all pregnant women • January 1999: Promotional materials and requisitions sent to physicians • September 2001: Memo included with prenatal test report to physicians who had not prescribed an HIV test

  5. Study objectives • Quantify and characterize HIV prevalence among women of childbearing age in Ontario • Evaluate the Ontario universal HIV screening program

  6. Data management • Data extracted from LAByrinth (prenatal and HIV diagnostic databases) • Study period: January 3, 1999 to June 30, 2002 • Records from HIV prenatal database matched to records in HIV diagnostic database • Matching allowed for different spelling and structure of name (“double-barrelled” first and last names) and reversal of month/day in birth date • Separate prenatal tests aggregated into episode equivalent to the gestation period; HIV uptake analysed for each pregnancy

  7. Data analysis • Number of women tested at prenatal visit included: • Women for whom HIV test ordered on prenatal requisition, or tested though HIV diagnostic service • Tests categorized as current or previous to pregnancy • Analysis in SAS of: • Trends over time in proportion tested • Testing rates by health region and age group • HIV-positive women: number and rates by type of test, region and quarter

  8. Number of pregnancies by health regionJanuary 1999 to June 2002

  9. HIV testing among pregnancies by timing of HIV test, Ontario Proportion of pregnancies (%)

  10. HIV testing among pregnancies forselected health regions 100 90 80 70 60 Proportion of pregnancies (%) 50 40 30 Metro Toronto Central East, other 20 Southwest 10 Central West 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Quarter (1999-2002)

  11. HIV testing among pregnancies forselected health regions

  12. Number of preg’s HIV tested Proportion tested Toronto Central East, other Southwest Central West Ottawa Eastern, other Northern N/A or OFP 10,762 8,611 4,536 6,081 3,108 2,816 2,293 145 8,128 6,553 3,529 4,350 2,531 2,297 1,802 102 76% 76% 78% 72% 81% 82% 79% 70% Total 38,352 29,292 76% Proportion of pregnancoes tested for HIV by health region, Quarter 2, 2002

  13. Number of PHUs in each region by proportion tested for HIV, Quarter 2, 2002 Number of PHUs by proportion of HIV testing uptake Total PHUs 50-59% 60-69% 70-79% 80-89% 90-100% Toronto 1 1 Central East, other 5 1 6 Southwest 1 2 4 1 1 9 Central West 1 6 7 Ottawa 1 1 Eastern, other 5 5 3 Northern 2 3 8 Total 1 5 19 11 1 37

  14. 1999 2000 2001 2002 TOTAL Current HIV+ 11 21 31 15 78 Previous HIV+ 4 7 19 5 35 Total HIV+ 15 28 50 20 113 Number of HIV-positive pregnancies

  15. HIV-positive pregnancies by time of diagnosis and quarter 15 Current 13 Previous 11 Number of pregnancies 9 7 5 3 1 -1 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 By Quarter

  16. Interpretation • Actual uptake of HIV testing is somewhat higher due to false non-matches (especially in anonymous and coded HIV testing) • Study does not indicate why HIV test uptake is less than ideal (qualitative research of pregnant women and physician survey have been done) • Study does not indicate number of HIV-infected women undiagnosed • Unlinked component of HIV seroprevalence study among women not HIV tested is (finally!) under way

  17. Conclusions 1 • Critical to capture data from HIV diagnostic database as well as from prenatal database • HIV testing increased from 40% to 50% from January to May 1999, with modest increase until September, 2001 • Impact of memo: from 60 to 76%! • Important regional differences in HIV test uptake • Over 3.5 years, 113 women identified as HIV-positive, 35 previously diagnosed, 78 newly diagnosed • Data suggests more high risk pregnant women are being offered and accepting HIV testing

  18. Conclusions 2 • According to model (not presented) • Birth rate among diagnosed HIV-infected women is low • ~40% of HIV-infected women undiagnosed at conception remain undiagnosed • An estimated 8-10 preventable mother-infant HIV transmissions occurred in 2001

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