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INTEGRASI PERT DAN PET

INTEGRASI TANAMAN PANGAN DAN PETERNAKAN

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INTEGRASI PERT DAN PET

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  1. INTEGRASI TANAMAN PANGAN DG PETERNAKAN

  2. Tujuan Instruksional Khuhsus Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan rincian integrasi peternakan dalam pertanian tanaman pangan pada berbagai model integrasi.

  3. Isi Pokok Bahasan Digambarkan model intergrasi antar sistem pertanian (tanaman pangan) dan peternakan hasil konferensi Bellagio 1978, yang disposonsori oleh The Rokefeler Foundation.Sebelas model integrasi tersebut adalah 1) Sweden farming system in Asia, low integrated of Crop and Animal, 2) Hunid-upland faraming system in Asia 3) Low land rice system in asia, 4) Tree-crop farming system Humid-upland farming system in Asia,

  4. 5) Rain-fed agriculture of semi arid tropics of India , 6) Honduras system, 7) Savanna system , 8) Central American highland, 9) Rio Negro central highland, 10), Highlands of Ethiopia dan 11) Rudimentary sedentary agriculture.

  5. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 1. Di samping menanam tanaman pangan, sebagian besar pertanian juga memelihara ternak. Hampir di semua negara berkembang 85% atau lebih ruminansia (kerbau, sapi, kambing, domba) dan juga kuda berada di pertanian /peternakan rakyat. 1

  6. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 2. Ternak memegang peranan ekonomik dan non-ekonomic dalam system pertanian /peternakan rakyat (small-farm-system). Penda patan dapat diperoleh dari, kotoran /pupuk, tenaga kerja, pengangkutan, transportasi, investasi, bahan bakar, by product/ limbah, kulit, susu, telur, dan daging. Pendapat dari peternakan dapat sangat membantu/ berarti, tetapi masing sering dilupakan atau tidak mendapat perha tian yang wajar. 1

  7. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 3. Ternak dalam suatu kelompok buda ya/masyarakat tertentu juga dapat merupakan suatu tali penghubung persaudaraan. Ternak merupakan sum ber Identitas dan prestise atau status sosial seseorang/keluarga. Ternak juga dapat sebagaiteman yang paling setia. 2

  8. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 4. Integrasi antara tanaman pangan dan usaha peternakan dapat mening katkan total produktivitas sumber daya pertanian /peternakan rakyat danmeningkatkan kesejahteraan. 2 2

  9. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 5. Kurang lebih 60 % protein dapat dicerna dan 64 % nitrogen dan protein dapat dicerna yang dihasilkan, hanya mempunyai nilai nutrisi rendah kalau bahan tersebut tidak dilewatkan ternak. 2 2

  10. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 6. Integrasi ternak dan tanaman pa ngan akan menjamin kelanggeng an dan stabilitas produksi di dalamhampir semua ekosistem 3 2

  11. PERANAN/KEDUDUKAN TERNAK DALAM SISTEM PERTANIAN DAN PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (A Bellagio Conference, 1978. Integrated Crop and Animal Production. The Rockerfeller Foundation, 1980) 7.Ternak akan meningkatkan efisiensi sistem pertanian apabila ternak dapat meningkatkan kegunaan sumber daya dalam sistem, yang berupa tenaga, material, dan modal. 3 2

  12. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI const. mat LABOR food LABOR FOOD RITUAL const. mat FOOD RITUAL CROPS TERNAK FEED SWINE POULTRY GOATS SHEEP COMPLEX MIXTURE MULCH MANURE FEED FERTILITY On Farm: Fallow Off Farm: Forest wild-animal Gab 1. Swidden farming system in Asia, shifting agriculture low integrated of crops and animals (animals free rowing or tethered

  13. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR fertility LABOR feed FOOD Transport FOOD CROPS TERNAK Wheat, Rice Maize, Cassava, Beans, Sorghum SWINE POULTRY CATTLE BUFFALO FEED BEDDING com post MULCH Manure Power Transport • FEED FERTILITY On Farm: Fallow Off Farm: Forest Gab 2. Humid-upland faraming system in Asia, permanent cropping, moderate of integration crop and animals (animal tethered or herded)

  14. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR fertility LABOR feed FOOD RITUAL FOOD CROPS TERNAK Rice, Vegetables Peas Mung-Beans SWINE DUCK CHICKENS CATTLE BUFFALO GEESE FEED MULCH Manure Power Transport On Farm: Field borders • FEED Off Farm: Gab 3. Lowland rice system in Asia, permanent cropping cropping, high integration of crop and anim als (animal confined)

  15. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR LABOR RAW PRO DUCTS for PROCESSING FOOD CROPS TERNAK COCONUTS OIL PALM RUBBER GRASS FEED CATTLE GOATS SWINE Trans port On Farm: Off Farm: Forest Gab 4 Tree-crop farming system in Asia, long-term cropping, low to moderate integration of crops and animals (animals tethered or roving)

  16. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR Feed LABOR Food, Milk for chees. const. Mat Fuel FOOD Cons.MAT CROPS TERNAK Sorghum, Cotton Millat, Sisal Wheat, Castor oil Rice, Gourndnuts Kemaf Cattle, Poultry BUFFALO GOATS SWINE SHEEP FEED Manure Power Transport On Farm: field border, fallow FERTILITY FEED Off Farm: Forest Gab 5 Rain-fed agriculture of semiarid tropics of India, permanent cropping, high-level integration of crops and animals (animals confine or herdielded)

  17. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR Feed LABOR Food, Milk for -- processing Transport FOOD TERNAK CROPS CATTLE HORSE SWINE POULTRY MAIZEBEANS SORGHUM FEED Manure Power Transport FERTILITY FEED On Farm: fallow Off Farm: Forest, Natural, Pasture SEEDING Gab 6 Honduras Sysytem (Central America), long trerm cropping, high-level integration of crops and livestock (animals herded or roving)

  18. P A S A R FUEL Building & fencing material RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR LABOR FOOD Transport FOOD CROPS TERNAK CATTLE HORSES/ MULES MINOR FOOD CROP MANURE On Farm: Natural pasture FEED Off Farm: Forest Gab 7 Savana system (Central and south America), extensive commercial livestock (>100 ha)

  19. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR LABOR FOOD Const. Mat Ritual FOOD fiber Transport CROPS TERNAK FEED CONST.MAT BEDDING Maize, Beans, Wheat Potatoes Squash SWINE SHEEP CATTLE HORSE com post MULCH Manure Power Transport • FEED FERTILITY On Farm: Natural Pasture, Borers Off Farm: Forest Gab 8 Central American highlands, permanent cropping, high-level integration of crops and animals (animals herded or confined)

  20. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR LABOR FOOD MILK CROPS TERNAK POTATOES BEANS MAIZE VEGETABLES DAIRY COW MULCH On Farm: Field borders • FEED Gab 9 Rio Negro (central highlands of Columbia, specialized area, permanent cropping, almost no integration of crops and livestock

  21. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI LABOR Feed LABOR Food, Fiber for -- processing Fuel FOOD const. mat CROPS TERNAK CATTLE SHEEP GOATS DONKEY WHEAT, TEFF CHICK-PEAS LENTILS COWPEAS RED PEPPER FEED com post MULCH Manure Power Transport FEED On Farm: Swampland Grazing Off Farm: Forest, Natural, Pasture Gab 10 Highlands of Ethiopia, permanent cropping, high-level integration of crops and livestock (animals confined or herded)

  22. P A S A R FUEL RUMAHTANGGA PETANI const. mat LABOR FEED FAMILYLABOR FOOD Const. Mat RAW PROD FOOD RITUAL WOOL CROPS TERNAK Groundnuts Millet Rice, Cassava Sorghum Maize SWINE SHEEP, GOATS CATTLE POULTRY HORSE FEED Manure Power Transport FERTILITY • FEED On Farm: Off Farm: Fallow, Woodland Gab 11 Rudimentary sedentary agriculture in West Africa, sihifting agriculture, moderate integration of crop and livestock (animals herded or tethered)

  23. An Integrated mixed farming system in the home plot

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