First Responder Operations Level Training

1. First Responder Operations Level Training Refresher

2. Five Levels of Training • First Responder Awareness Level • First Responder Operational Level • Hazardous Materials Technician • Hazardous Materials Specialist • Hazardous Materials Incident Commander

3. Operational Modes • Awareness and Operational level responders take DEFENSIVE actions. • Technicians and Specialists take OFFENSIVE actions. • The Incident Commander coordinates the response and is ultimately responsible for safety.

4. Objectives • Analyze a Hazardous Materials/WMD Incident • Plan an Initial Response • Implement the Planned Response • Evaluate Progress • NEVER exceed your level of training and protection!

5. Hazardous Materials • Analyzing the incident • Surveying Hazardous Materials/WMD Incidents • Collecting Hazard and Response Information • Predicting the Likely Behavior of a Material and its Container • Estimating Potential Harm

6. Six Basic Clues to Recognition 1 - Occupancy and location 2 - Container shape and size 3 - Placards and labels 4 - Shipping papers/facility documents 5 - Markings and colors 6 - Human senses

7. Clue # 1 - Occupancy and Location • Specific occupancy or general area • Fixed facilities • Five modes of hazardous materials transportation • Rail, air, marine, highway and pipeline • Drug lab considerations

8. Clue # 2 - Container Shape and Size • Classifications • Portable, fixed or transportation • Pressure • Non-pressurized, low or high pressure • Vapor Pressure and Storage • The higher the pressure, the greater the potential for catastrophic failure • BLEVE

9. Clue # 3 - Placards and Labels • Placards and their limitations • Not always required • The 1000 pound rule • Placards and labels used for transport are based upon DOT Hazard Class • Nine Hazard Classes • Subdivided into divisions

10. Pesticide Labels • Product name • Active ingredients • Signal word • Caution • Warning • Danger (Poison) • Precautionary statements

11. Clue # 4 - Shipping Papers and Facility Documents

12. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) • Required to be maintained by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard and The Florida Right-to-Know Law • Found at fixed facilities • Provides a variety of information • Emergency Response Plans (ERP) • Emergency Action Plans (EAP)

13. Clue # 5 - Markings and Colors • Container colors are not always standardized • UN/NA identification numbers • NFPA 704 Diamond • Military markings

15. Clue # 6 - Human Senses TASTE TOUCH SMELL SIGHT SOUND High RISK LEVEL Low

16. Methods of Identification • Once you recognize, try to identify • Location of material name • Shipping papers • MSDSs (fixed facilities) • Facility Pre-Plans • Employees and bystanders • If you cannot safely identify, try to classify the material into a hazard class

17. Hazard Class 1 - Explosives • Subdivided into 6 divisions 1.1 - Mass explosion hazard 1.2 - Projectile hazard 1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile 1.4 - Minor explosion 1.5 - Very insensitive explosives 1.6 - Extremely insensitive

18. Hazard Class 2 - Gases • Pressurized or liquefied • Compressed nitrogen and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) are examples • Product and container present hazards • Three Subdivisions • 2.1 - Flammable gases • 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous • 2.3 - Poisonous Gases

19. Hazard Class 3 - Flammable/Combustible Liquids • Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room temperature • Combustible Liquids require some degree of pre-heating to ignite • Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources

20. Hazard Class 4 - Flammable Solids • Three subdivisions 4.1 - Flammable Solids 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible 4.3 - Dangerous when wet

21. Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides • Oxidizers release oxygen to enhance or intensify burn • With strong fuels, oxidizers can create conditions which which can lead to violent combustion • Many Organic Peroxides are very unstable

22. Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and Infectious Substances • Poisonous to human • Can include severely irritating substances • “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride • Infectious Substances • Potential to cause diseases in humans • Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids

23. Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive Materials • Ionizing radiation hazard • Exposure does not always result in contamination • Safety Rules: • Time, Distance and Shielding • Shipped in specialized containers

24. Hazard Class 8 - Corrosives

25. Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials • ORM A - Dry Ice • ORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic mercury • ORM C - Asphalt, Battery parts • ORM D - Consumer commodities • ORM E - Hazardous substances and hazardous wastes

26. Mechanisms of Harm Thermal Chemical Etiological Psychological Asphyxiation Radiological Mechanical

27. Planning the Initial Response • Describe Response Objectives. • Identify Action Options. • Determine Suitability of Personal Protective Equipment. • Identify Decontamination Issues.

28. Describing Response Objectives • Ensure the Safety of Citizens and Response Personnel • Control the Source of the Spill • Contain the Spilled Material • Protect sensitive areas • Terminate the Response

29. Identifying Action Options • Offensive • Valves • Absorbents • Dam, Dike, Divert, etc • Defensive • Isolate • Deny Entry

30. Determine PPE • Emergency Response Guide has protective clothing recommendation in public safety section • MSDS has protective clothing guidance.

31. Decontamination • Definition • The process of removing hazardous materials to prevent the spread of contaminants beyond a specific area and reduce the level of contamination to levels that are no longer harmful • Is performed when a victim, responder, animal, or equipment leaves the hot zone

32. Decontamination- Categories • Gross • Emergency • Technical (formal) • Mass • Secondary • Definitive • Patient • Buddy • Self

33. Decontamination- Methods • Wet-Washing the contaminated surface with solutions or flushing with a hose stream or safety shower • Dry- Scraping, brushing, and absorption • Physical- Removes the contaminant from a contaminated person without changing the material chemically • Chemical- To make the contaminant less harmful by changing it through some kind of chemical process

34. Factors to Consider When Choosing a Decontamination Site • Accessibility • Terrain and surface material • Lighting and electrical supply • Drains and waterways • Water supply • Weather

35. Decontamination Corridor

36. NA-ERG • North American Emergency Response Guidebook • Origin • Goal • Purpose & Limitations

37. North American Emergency Response Guidebook • Your tool for success. • Every emergency vehicle should have a copy. • Purpose: • An aid for identification of the material involved. • Outlines basic initial actions. • Recommends protective action areas. • Serves as an initial incident safety plan.

38. Steps for Proper Use of the ERG • Recognize & Identify Hazardous Materials • Name • Four digit ID number • Placard description • Look up the guide page number • Take basic protective actions according to the guide page • Initiate isolation and evacuation according to protective action distances

39. Proper Guide Page Use

40. Table of Protective Action Distances

41. Implement the Planned Response • Establish and Enforce Scene Control Procedures. • Preserve Evidence. • Initiate the Incident Management System. • Using Personal Protective Equipment.

42. Protective Action Options • Shelter in-place • Short duration incidents • Greater hazard to attempt to move • Impractical to evacuate • Evacuation • Potential for massive fire or explosion • Long duration incidents

43. Preserving Evidence • If you suspect release was intentional: • Keep others out • Keep your eyes open for potential evidence • Take photographs • Consider everything as possible evidence • Keep out of the way of the pros

44. Initiating IMS • Incident Commander must have appropriate level of training for type of operation. • Assign a Safety Officer • Develop an Incident Action Plan (Required by law for large incidents) • Perform tasks assigned in the Incident Action Plan (IAP).

45. Incident Action Plan • Components to be considered • Site restrictions • Entry objectives • On-scene organization and control • Personnel protective equipment selection • Hazard evaluation • Communication procedures

46. Incident Action Plan • Components to be considered (cont) • Emergency procedures and personal accountability • Emergency medical care arrangements • Rehabilitation plan • Decontamination procedures • On-scene work assignments • Debriefing and critique

47. Spill / Leak Control Control functions set out in the IAP diversion. retention. remote valve shutoff. vapor dispersion. vapor suppression. • absorption. • adsorption. • damming. • diking. • dilution.

48. Using Personal Protective Equipment • Know the limitations of the gear that you are wearing • Have a plan for emergency decontamination • Avoid contact with the hazardous material as much as possible • Use SCBA until air can be checked with a meter.

49. Evaluating Progress • Evaluate the Status of Planned Response. • Communicate the Status of the Planned Response to appropriate agencies.

50. Evaluating the Status • Considerations of the incident • Is the incident stabilizing? • Is the incident increasing in intensity? • Comparing actual behavior • Is incident happening as predicted? • Is incident occurring out of sequence? • Is incident happening differently than expected?