What can programming do in our economy? What brought out the need for creating programs?

2. What can programming do in our economy? • What brought out the need for creating programs? • Can programming make our daily lives uncomplicated?

3. program

4. TERMINOLOGIES • PROGRAMMING • PROGRAMMER • GIGO

5. PROGRAMMING • artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. • Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.

6. PROGRAMMING • is the art and science of creating computer programs—a program being a list of instructions that the computer must follow in order to process data into information.

7. PROGRAMMER • a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software. • programmer's primary computer language (C, C++, Java, Lisp, Python)

8. OTHER TERMS • software developer, Web Developer, Mobile Applications Developer, Embedded Firmware Developer, software engineer, computer scientist, or software analyst.

9. PROGRAMMER • Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine.

10. GIGO • (Garbage in, garbage out) • It is used primarily to call attention to the fact that computers will unquestioningly process the most nonsensical of input data ("garbage in") and produce nonsensical output ("garbage out").

11. GIGO • The term was brought to prominence as a teaching mantra by George Fuechsel, an IBM 305 RAMAC technician/instructor in New York. • EX.: if a program asked you to enter a letter of the alphabet and you decided to be funny and enter "3.14159", there's a good chance the results you would get back would be pretty messed up, or "garbage."

12. GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

13. First Generation: Machine Languages • 1940’s- early 1950’s emergence of first generation languages(1GL) • Used only string of zeroes(0) and ones(1) called binary codes.

14. ENIAC

15. Second Generation: Assembly Languages • Early mid-1950’s emergence of second generation languages (2GL) • Refer to some form of symbolic language. • Used mnemonics or very short words for commands. • A typical 2GL instruction looks like this: ADD 12,8

16. Assorted Component Transistor

17. Third Generation: High Level Languages • Began to unfold during the mid to late 1950’s. • Most modern computer languages belong to this generation. • Largely machine independent or portable.

18. Third Generation: High Level Languages • Sample Languages: PL/I, C, or Java. Java language statements look like this: public booleanhandleEvent (Event evt) { switch (evt.id) { case Event.ACTION_EVENT: { if ("Try me" .equald(evt.arg)) {

19. MICROPROCESSOR

20. Fourth Generation: Declarative Languages • language is designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL language. • Languages for accessing databases are often described as 4GLs. • Examples: Standard ML, isp, Haskel, SQL, Oracle Designer & Developer, Informix 4GL, and Visual Basic.

21. Fifth Generation: AI • Wave of the future during 1990’s. • An outgrowth of artificial intelligence research in 1980s. • Rely on algorithms defined by the programmer. • Concentrates on what the problems need to be solved and what conditions or rules a solution must satisfy.

22. Fifth Generation: AI • Well –suited for artificial intelligence applications, expert system and neural networks.

23. Fifth Generation: AI • NEURAL NETWORK is a computer architecture modeled after the human brain’s network of neurons. It imitates the brain’s ability to adapt and learn from past patterns. • EXPERT SYSTEM is an application that uses a knowledge-base of human expertise, heuristics, and an inference engine to suggest solutions to problems in a particular project.

24. Fifth Generation: AI Sample languages: Prolog, OPS5, and Mercury.