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Understanding Atmospheric Dynamics: Jets, Vorticity, and Surface Development

This text explores key concepts in atmospheric dynamics, focusing on the role of jets, vorticity, and the interaction between upper-level features and surface development. It discusses divergence and convergence, which describe how airflow spreads or contracts in the atmosphere. Various atmospheric phenomena, including cyclone formation and jet-induced circulations, are highlighted. The relationship between upper-level dynamics and surface precipitation is examined, providing a comprehensive understanding of how atmospheric processes influence weather systems.

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Understanding Atmospheric Dynamics: Jets, Vorticity, and Surface Development

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  1. Dynamics, Jets, and Surface Development • Divergence/Diffluence and Convergence/Confluence • Vorticity • Jets and jet-induced circulations • Connecting upper-level features with surface development and precipitation

  2. Dynamics, Jets, and Surface Development • Divergence and Convergence Divergence Convergence Convergence Divergence

  3. Divergence A kinematic property of the atmosphere that measures whether the fluid is “spreading out” or “contracting”.

  4. Dynamics, Jets, and Surface Development (cont.) • Vorticity

  5. Vorticity A kinematic property of the atmosphere that measures the “spin” of the fluid (i.e., the curl of the velocity).

  6. Fronts and Jets

  7. Divergence and Vorticity patterns in an upper-level wave and associated surface system.

  8. Divergence and Vorticity patterns in an idealized jet streak.

  9. Straight Jet Vertical motions in a jet streak and the effect of curvature Cyclonically-curved Jet Anticyclonically-curved Jet

  10. The 3-D AtmosphereBringing it all together • Relationship between upper-level and surface processes • Cyclogenesis • Conveyor belt processes • Fancier stuff

  11. Idealized Conveyer belt flow in a mature cyclone

  12. Lab 6 Dynamics and Surface Development

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