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Cell Cycle & Mitosis: A Visual Guide

Learn about chromosomal DNA molecules, chromosome duplication, sister chromatids, and the phases of mitosis including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Explore the detailed process step-by-step with the help of Figure 12.5-3. Discover the significance of centromeres, chromosome arms, and the separation of sister chromatids. Follow the continuous process from interphase to cytokinesis. Watch an engaging movie illustrating mitosis.

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Cell Cycle & Mitosis: A Visual Guide

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  1. Cell Cycle and Mitosis pp.149-151

  2. ChromosomalDNA molecules Chromosomes Figure 12.5-3 Centromere 1 Chromosomearm Chromosome duplication(including DNA replication)and condensation 2 Sisterchromatids Separation of sisterchromatids intotwo chromosomes 3

  3. Cell Cycle • 3 major phases • Interphase: time between cell divisions • G phases: growth • S phase: copying of DNA • M phase (mitosis): division of the nucleus • Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm

  4. Mitosis (M phase)

  5. Mitosis (M phase) • 2n  “4n”  2 (2n) • Continuous process starts with interphase • Separate the doubled chromosomes • Four phases • prophase  metaphase  anaphase  telophase

  6. Prophase • Can see chromosomes • Chromatids stay connected by centromeres • Nuclear membrane break down • Centrosomes and centrioles appear and early mitotic spindle forms

  7. Metaphase • Two types of fibers (mitotic spindle) • kinetochore fibers: attach to centromere of chromosome • polar fibers: extend centrosome to centrosome, push cell apart • Fibers line up the chromosomes in middle

  8. Anaphase • Chromatids are pulled apart by fibers • Move towards opposite poles of dividing cells

  9. Telophase • Chromosomes in opposite ends • Spindle fibers break down • Nucleus reforms • Cytokinesis

  10. MOVIE

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