BASIC FACTS OF LEPROSY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• Presented by

DR. Md. Asadozzaman

Asstt. Registrar of Dermatology & Venereology, MMCH

Chief Guide :

Dr. Shahab Uddin Ahmed Chowdhury

Asso. Prof. of

Dermatology & Venereology,MMCH

Date : 20.10.2003

• Lepros – Greek Word means scaly
• Kustha from ‘Kusthani’ means eaten away
• Leper – means person suffering from leprosy

Most chronic, communicable, grannulomatous, infectious disease, primarily of skin & peripheral nerves but may involve all organs of the body except CNS, GIT & Lungs, caused by Mycobacterium Leprae.

• Oldest scourge of man kind
• Probably originated in India
• The Vedas written about instruction for prevention of Leprosy in 1400 B.C.

• First authentic description and treatment with chaulmoogra oil is given in Sushruta Samita in 600 B.C.
• The Hindo’s Lord Krishno’s son Samba had developed kustha

• Mycobacterium Leprae Bacilli first discovered by Norway Scientist Hansen in 1873. He had made unsuccessful attempt to infect himself as well as his chief and Father-in-Law Dr. Danielssen with material from leprosy patient.

Total No of Leprosy cases in the world 1.5 Millions

Endemic areas – 83% of Leprosy cases concentrated in only 5 countries – India, Brazil, Nigeria, Myanmar & Indonesia. Nearly 75% of world’s Leprosy patients are in South East Asia.

Highest No of Leprosy – In India (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh)

• Highly prevalent in Central Africa
• Incubation Period : 2 – 5 years
• Source of Infection : Infected Human considered as the only Source of Leprosy
• Mode of Transmission: Close & prolonged contact is necessary, the nose is the prime portal of exit of the Bacilli.
• High Natural Immunity – 95%
• Affects all ages & Sexes

• Reg. prevalence – 31/12/2002
• Total Cases – 8943
• SLPB – 421
• PB – 4300
• MB – 4222
• Prevalence Rate : 0.63/10000
• Detection – 9844

SLPB – 851

PB – 5489

MB – 3504

SSS : positive – 772

Child : 1101

Detection Rate – 0.762/10000

Morphology : Pleomorphic straight or slightly curved rod like, gram positive bacteria

Staining Properties by the Zeil Neelsen Method. Bacilli appears as solid staining (viable), fragmented and granular (dead bacilli)

Life Span – 6 months

Cannot grown in artificial media or tissue culture

Generation Time : 10 – 14 days

• Slit Skin Smear
• Nose Blow Smear
• Nasal Scraping

• BI – Density of Leprosy Bacilli in smears
• MI – Percentage of living Bacilli among total
• SFG – Percentage of solid, fragmented & granular Bacilli

• MDT – Multi Drug Therapy
• FDT – Fixed Duration Treatment
• RFT – Release From Treatment