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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. Strategies When Population Distributions are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests. Assumptions in the Standard Hypothesis-Testing Procedures. Populations follow a normal curve Populations have equal variances Ceiling and floor effects. Data Transformations.

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 Strategies When Population Distributions are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

  2. Assumptions in the Standard Hypothesis-Testing Procedures • Populations follow a normal curve • Populations have equal variances • Ceiling and floor effects

  3. Data Transformations • Data transformation • Square-root transformation

  4. Data Transformations • Legitimacy of data transformations • Kinds of data transformations • Square root transformation • Log transformation • Inverse transformation • Arcsine transformation

  5. Rank-Order Tests • Rank-order transformation • Rank-order tests • Nonparametric tests • Parametric tests

  6. Rank-Order Tests • Basic logic • The null hypothesis • Normal curve approximations • Using parametric tests with rank-transformed data

  7. Comparison of Methods • Advantages and disadvantages • Relative risk of Type I and Type II errors

  8. Controversies and Recent Development • Computer-intensive methods • Randomization tests • Proposed alternative to parametric and nonparametric methods • Widely applicable • Unfamiliar to researchers

  9. Reporting in Research Articles • Data transformations • Described just prior to analyses using them • Rank-order methods • Described much like any other kind of hypothesis test

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