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MARC: Key Concepts and Application

Learn about MARC formats, vocabulary, common MARC fields, and why it is essential for original cataloging, record enhancement, and vendor record assessment. Get tips for correcting vendor MARC records.

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MARC: Key Concepts and Application

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  1. MARC What You Really Need to Know About This Stuff! Audrey Church Coordinator, School Library Media Program Longwood University

  2. MARC TEMPLATE Description Subject Headings Entry/Access Points Classification Number Puzzle graphic from http://www.utexas.edu/depts/ grg/young/grg335n/

  3. MARC • MAchine Reading Cataloging • A series of rules for coding bibliographic, authority, and holdings data into a form that can be understood and used in computers • Today, we focus on bibliographic data…

  4. MARC formats • Are NOT a set of cataloging rules or a catalog code! • ARE designed to use with data created by applying standard cataloging rules (AACR2R), standard subject heading lists (usually Sears), and standard classification schemes (usually Abridged Dewey)!

  5. MARC formats • Are NOT computer systems! • ARE designed to be used in computer automation systems as templates for database structures!

  6. MARC Vocabulary • Fields—specific related elements of a bibliographic record • Tags—3 digit numbers assigned to a particular field (Example: 245 field=title and statement of responsibility) • Indicators—2 character positions (values 0-9) that follow each tag • Subfields—smaller portions of a field • Subfield codes—one lowercase letter preceded by a delimiter • Delimiters—characters that signal a different subfield

  7. A Note About Indicators • Two character positions that follow each tag—two single digit numbers! • Title field 245: • First indicator=1=separate title entry in catalog; this is most common (Books with title main entries have first indicators of 0.) • Second indicator=number of characters at beginning of field to be disregarded by computer in sorting and filing process (“The” = 4 ; “A” = 2 ; “An” = 3)

  8. GMD—General Material Designation • As defined in Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd ed., 1998 Revision— ”a term indicating the broad class of material to which an item belongs (e.g. sound recording)” • Enclose in square brackets in 245h. For example 245h [videorecording]

  9. Most Commonly Used MARC Fields(see list)

  10. Sample 300 Physical Description FieldsTake a look at those GMDs and SMDs!

  11. 6XX Subject Headings Most Common Subfields • 600—Personal Name • 600a Personal name • 600d Dates • 600v Form subdivision • 650—Topical Term • 650a Topical term • 650x Topical subdivision • 650z Geographic subdivision • 650y Chronological subdivision • 650v Form subdivision

  12. 6XX Subject Headings Most Common Subfields, continued • 651—Geographic Name • 651a Geographic name • 651x Topical subdivision • 651y Chronological subdivision • 651v Form subdivision

  13. Why should YOU know MARC? • To accurately do original cataloging • To “make repairs” to MARC records in your online catalog • To authoritatively assess the quality of records a vendor provides • To make record enhancements for users

  14. Correcting/Enhancing Vendor MARC Records • Check to be sure the LCCN and ISBN match the item in hand • Check for name authority control. • Correct any errors in 245 and 300 fields. • Construct any additional required notes. • Check subfields in subject headings. • Eliminate extra subject headings.

  15. Audrey ChurchInstructor, Coordinator, School Library Media Program, Longwood Universityachurch@longwood.eduhttp://www.longwood.edu/staff/achurch, 434-395-2682

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