1 / 31

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

9. Muscles and Muscle Tissue. Muscle cells are referred to as ________. muscle fibers muscle spindles muscle myosin muscle actin. Which of the following is not a prefix used to refer to muscle?. Mys Myo Sarco Lemma.

skip
Download Presentation

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue

  2. Muscle cells are referred to as ________. • muscle fibers • muscle spindles • muscle myosin • muscle actin

  3. Which of the following is not a prefix used to refer to muscle? • Mys • Myo • Sarco • Lemma

  4. Of the following muscle types, which is the only one subject to conscious control? • Smooth • Skeletal • Cardiac • All of these muscle types are subject to conscious control.

  5. Which two types of muscle appear striated when examined under a microscope? • Smooth and skeletal • Smooth and cardiac • Cardiac and skeletal • Skeletal muscle is the only striated muscle type.

  6. Which of the following muscular functions serves a metabolic function? • Movement • Posture maintenance • Joint stabilization • Heat generation

  7. In order to receive a signal to contract, each skeletal muscle must be served by a(n) ________. • artery • nerve • vein • ligament

  8. The elastic components of muscle consist of which elements? • Tendon, epimysium, muscle fiber • Bone, perimysium, blood vessel • Fascicle, bone, blood vessel • Tendon, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

  9. Which of the following components accounts for the bulk of muscle fiber volume (up to 80%)? • Glycosomes • Mitochondria • Myofibrils • Sarcoplasm

  10. The functional unit of a muscle fiber is the __________. • sarcomere • myofibril • fascicle • myofilament

  11. Which portion of a myosin molecule would be the most severely affected upon exposure to an enzyme inhibitor? • Tail • Hinge region • Head • The actin molecule

  12. The thin filaments are not comprised of which of the following components? • Actin • Titin • Troponin • Tropomyosin

  13. What is the major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? • Store sodium ions • Expel sodium ions from the cell • Expel calcium ions from the cell • Store calcium ions

  14. What would happen to intracellular calcium levels if a muscle fiber were treated with a calcium channel–blocking drug? • Intracellular calcium levels would increase. • Intracellular calcium levels would decrease. • Intracellular calcium levels would be unchanged. • The muscle fiber would shrink.

  15. What is the significance of the muscle fiber triad relationship? • The terminal cisternae subdivide the sarcolemma. • The T tubules bring calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. • The sarcoplasmic reticulum transfers calcium to the T tubules. • The T tubules conduct electrical impulses that stimulate calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

  16. During a muscle contraction, the sliding filament theory would be apparent in a sarcomere because __________. • the I bands get longer • the A bands get shorter • the H zone becomes less obvious and the Z discs move closer together • the Z discs get pulled closer to the I bands and the H zone becomes more obvious

  17. At the neuromuscular junction, the muscle contraction initiation event is ______. • a release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum • conduction of an electrical impulse down the T tubules • binding of acetylcholine to membrane receptors on the sarcolemma • sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other

  18. What would be the response of a muscle fiber treated with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor? • There would be a continued muscle fiber contraction in the absence of additional nervous system stimulation. • The muscle fiber would be nonresponsive to acetylcholine. • Acetylcholine would be retained in the axon ending. • The muscle fiber would contract then relax for a prolonged period of time.

  19. In a muscle fiber, the key intracellular event that stimulates muscle contraction is known as ________. • polarization • depolarization • repolarization • potential

  20. During depolarization, the sarcolemma is most permeable to _______. • sodium ions • potassium ions • calcium ions • chloride ions

  21. The time period between action potential initiation and mechanical activity of a muscle fiber is called the _________. • latent period • refractory period • action potential • excitation period

  22. What is calcium’s function during muscle contraction? • Calcium binds to troponin, changing its shape and removing the blocking action of tropomyosin. • Calcium binds to troponin to prevent myosin from attaching to actin. • Calcium depolarizes the muscle fiber. • Calcium flows down the T tubules to stimulate the influx of sodium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

  23. Corpses usually exhibit rigor mortis because __________. • ATP hydrolysis is stimulating myosin head attachment to actin • a lack of ATP hydrolysis prevents myosin head detachment from actin • calcium stores become deficient • sodium stores become deficient

  24. Small precise movements are controlled by ______ motor units. • small • large • many • few

  25. A muscle contraction increases in strength up to a point because ________. • stronger stimuli inhibit motor unit activation • recruitment occurs and more motor units respond to stronger stimuli • more calcium is available in the sarcoplasm • additional neurons begin stimulating each muscle fiber

  26. Isometric contractions come into play when an individual is ________. • jumping • walking uphill • lifting a heavy object • maintaining an upright posture

  27. A sprinter is more likely to depend on _______ respiration to generate ATP, whereas a Tour de France cyclist is more likely to rely on __________ respiration. • anaerobic; aerobic • aerobic; anaerobic • aerobic; aerobic • anaerobic; anaerobic

  28. Sprinters typically possess more ________ muscle fibers. • slow glycolytic • fast glycolytic • slow oxidative • fast oxidative

  29. A major difference between smooth muscle fibers and skeletal muscle fibers in terms of calcium influx is that ______. • smooth muscle fibers have a sarcoplasmic reticulum • calcium ions are stored in the sarcoplasm of smooth muscle • calcium ion influx occurs mostly from the extracellular fluid in smooth muscle • smooth muscle contraction does not involve calcium

  30. A major cellular feature in smooth muscle that contributes to its rhythmicity and ability to participate in peristalsis is the presence of _________. • troponin complex • gap junctions • varicosities • caveolae

  31. The principal neurotransmitter of skeletal muscle is acetylcholine. The major neurotransmitter(s) of smooth muscle is (are) _______. • acetylcholine • epinephrine • norepinephrine • all of the above

More Related