Presentation Transcript

1. Byzantine Empire

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2. Geography of Constantinople Recap Who split the Roman Empire into two? Diocletian Who moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium? Constantine What did he change the capitol’s name to? Constantinople
3. Geography Continued
4. Geography Continued Location Constantinople was located on the Bosporus Strait Also known as modern day Turkey
5. Geography Continued Why this location Provided protection of the eastern frontier Provided distance from Germanic invasions in the western empire Crossroads of trade Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors
6. Role of Constantinople Remained the seat of the Byzantine Empire until Ottoman conquest
7. Role of Constantinople Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture Byzantine families valued education; specifically classical learning They studied Greek and Latin grammar and philosophy (Greek and Roman literature served as the textbooks) Also, memorized Homer, learned geometry from Euclid, history from Herodotus, and Medicine from Galen
8. Role of Constantinople Center of trade Being located right on the water allowed Constantinople to become a center of trade Products from the most distant areas of Asia, Africa, and Europe passed through the streets.

9. Justinian

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10. Justinian 527 A.D a high-ranking nobleman named Justinian succeeded his uncle to the throne of the Eastern Empire
11. Reconquest of former Roman territories In 533, Justinian sent Belisarius to recover North Africa from Germanic Tribes (Succeeded) 2 years later Belisarius attacked Rome and regained control from the Ostrogoths (Succeeded but was frequently attacked for 16 years) After numerous campaigns, Justinian gains control of most of the territory Rome ever ruled
12. Codification of Roman Law With the west being unified with the Byzantine Empire, problems with different governments arose. Justinian set up a panel to regulate Byzantium’s increasingly complex society. The panel sifted through 400 years of Roman law and created a single uniform law called the Justinian Code
13. Justinian Code The code consisted of four works The Code contained almost 5000 Roman laws that were still considered useful for the Byzantine Empire The Digest quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers about the laws. 50 volumes The Institutes was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws. The Novellae (New Laws) presented legislation passed after 534
14. Justinian Code Helped decide legal questions in Byzantine life Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, and criminal justice The code served the Byzantine Empire for 900 years
15. Justinian While the Emperor, he helped to expand trade

16. Byzantine Art and Architecture

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17. Byzantine Achievements Much of the art and architecture in the Byzantine Empire was inspired by Christian religion and imperial power Sometimes done through icons Icons- religious images used by Eastern Christians
18. Byzantine Achievements Mosaics- art of creating images with an assemblage of small piece of colored material This art form was used in many public and religious structures.
19. Byzantine Achievements Hagia Sophia-means “Holy Wisdom” in Greek Is a Byzantine domed church Exemplifies the blending of Greek and Roman architectural styles along with Asian influences Other civilizations use this same type of architectural ideas (example is Russia)
20. Byzantine Culture Byzantine flourished with Greco-Roman traditions (Ex: law, philosophy, education) The People of Byzantine used Greek as their language. This is different from the West which used Latin
21. Byzantine Culture Religion Greek Orthodox Christianity The Byzantine people did a great job with preserving Greek and Roman knowledge Did this by placing works of literature in libraries
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23. The Church Divides

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24. The distance between the Western Empire and Byzantine Empire along with the differences between the two ultimately led to the split of the Church Split into the Eastern Church and the Western Church
25. East and West Church Their faith is based on the gospel of Jesus Christ Used sacraments (baptism) Religious leaders are priests and bishops Seek to convert people to the religion
26. Eastern Church Located in Constantinople Once Constantinople became the capital of the Byzantine Empire, it became close to the seat of power Greek was the main language that was used in services
27. Eastern Church The leader of the Eastern church is known as the Patriarch The Patriarch and other bishops head the church as a group Even though the Patriarch had plenty of power, he still bowed to the emperor
28. Eastern Church Priests may be married If they or any follower of the Eastern Church wanted they could divorce under certain conditions
29. Western Church Centered in Rome Since Constantinople was the capital of the Empire, the church began to drift away What language do you think was used in the services? Latin
30. Western Church Pope- the leader of the church Claims authority over all kings and emperors Pope has authority over the Bishops
31. Western Church Priests could not marry Celibacy Divorce is not permitted
32. Result of the differences Christianity split between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Greek Orthodox Church in the East.
33. What to understand? What factors produced the division within the Christian Church? the many differences between the two churches along with the great distance from each other