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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Diversity. Dumping ground for organisms we don’t know what to do with. Protists. Only common characteristic is all have eukaryotic cells. Classification. Based on how they eat. Animal-like. Plant-like. Fungus-like. Animal-like Protists.

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista

  2. Diversity • Dumping ground for organisms we don’t know what to do with

  3. Protists • Only common characteristic is all have eukaryotic cells

  4. Classification • Based on how they eat Animal-like Plant-like Fungus-like

  5. Animal-like Protists

  6. Protozoans – animal-like protists • Heterotrophic • Single-celled

  7. Classified • Based on how they move Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

  8. Sarcodinians • “terrible flesh” – move by causing cytoplasm to flow

  9. Example • Ameba

  10. Ameba Structure

  11. Cell membrane • Very thin and flexible, no cell wall (too stiff)

  12. Endo and Ectoplasm • Cytoplasm divided into 2 distinct layers

  13. Pseudopodia • “false foot,” extensions of an ameba formed as they move

  14. Amoeba movement

  15. Nucleus • Controls cell’s activity

  16. Food Vacuoles • Stores food that has been engulfed

  17. Contractile Vacuoles • Pumps water out to keep cell from bursting from osmosis

  18. Amoeba feeding • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvOz4V699gk

  19. Sensitive to… • Temperature, touch, light, chemicals

  20. Reproduction • Asexually through binary fission

  21. Pathogenic • Some amebas are parasites in intestines, cause amebic dysentery from contaminated water

  22. Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

  23. Zooflagellates • “animal whips,” move by flagella

  24. Example • Astasia

  25. Astasia Structure

  26. Pellicle • Thicker, semi flexible cell membrane, retains its shape

  27. Flagella • Whip like tail that pulls the cell

  28. Gullet and Reservoir • Take in food

  29. Food Vacuole • Stores food until digested

  30. Contractile Vacuole • Pumps out excess water

  31. Eyespot • Detects light but can’t see shapes and images

  32. Pathogenic • Transmitted by tsetse flies, causes African Sleeping Sickness

  33. Symbiotic • Digests cellulose in termites, release nutrients

  34. Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

  35. Ciliophorans • “hair bearing,” move by beating short hair-like cilia

  36. Example • Paramecium

  37. Paramecium Structure

  38. Cilia • Hair-like structures for movement, usually shorter and more numerous than flagella

  39. Cilia and contractile vacuole • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ynm5ZOW59Q

  40. Trichocysts • Defense structures

  41. Trichocysts stun passing prey • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMWQL4B4YCA

  42. Oral Groove and Gullet • Take in food

  43. Macro and micro nuclei • Control cell function; small one involved in reproduction

  44. Reproduction • Asexually – binary fission • Sexually – conjugation – exchange genetic material (micronucleus) between two paramecia

  45. Pathogenic • Rarely parasites because they move well to find food

  46. Sarcodinians Zooflagellates Ciliophorans Sporozoans

  47. Sporozoans • “seed animal,” cannot move by themselves, parasitic

  48. Example • Plasmodium

  49. Pathogenic • Transmitted by mosquitoes, causes Malaria

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