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Human Memory Adapts to Patterns of Information Use and Why (maybe) LarKC Should Too

Human Memory Adapts to Patterns of Information Use and Why (maybe) LarKC Should Too. Lael Schooler. Simple Heuristics. Shaped by human abilities Vision, Hearing, Attention, Memory , ... Cognitive Processes Frugal: use little information Fast: do little integration Ecologically Rational

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Human Memory Adapts to Patterns of Information Use and Why (maybe) LarKC Should Too

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  1. Human Memory Adapts to Patterns of Information Use and Why (maybe) LarKC Should Too Lael Schooler

  2. Simple Heuristics • Shaped by human abilities • Vision, Hearing, Attention, Memory, ... • Cognitive Processes • Frugal: use little information • Fast: do little integration • Ecologically Rational • Bet on environmental structure • Adaptive Toolbox • Selection of Strategies (reinforcment Learning) • Joerg Rieskamp • A set of questions to ask

  3. Take Home Message • Patterns of information use looks similar across domains • Language • Speech to children • New York Times Headlines • Social Contact • Email • Face to face • We are likely to find similar patterns of information use in our case studies • Driving Behavior • Document access • ACT-R’s Memory model (Activation Equations) learn to reflect these patterns of information use • One flavor of Activation in LarKC’s retrieval experiments in WP 2 will take this approach • Can they scale? • Simpler better?

  4. ACT-R • Adaptive Control of Thought Rational • An Integrated Theory of Cognition • Anderson and colleagues (1973-present) • A couple hundred papers • My home town (CMU) • A framework to develop heuristics • A source of core capacities • Easily implement take-the-best, etc • Ecologically Rational

  5. Subsymbolic local connectionist Selection & Retrieval

  6. Production Memory

  7. Procedural Memory Modeled with Productions

  8. New York Activation: 3 Chicago Activation: 2 1 + 1 = 2 Activation: 2.6 Reno Activation: 0.5 Declarative Memory

  9. Rational analysis of memory • Retrieve relevant information • For each item in memory, make a Bayesian estimate of the probability that it will be useful in the present context. • Automatic • Basically Google + sensitivity to time Anderson (1990) Anderson & Schooler (1991, 2000) Schooler & Anderson (1997)

  10. Rational Analysis of Memory and Functional Forgetting

  11. Effects of Retention Interval on Memory Performance

  12. Environmental Analysis • Study informational demands of the environment • Match between memory and environment • Do diverse domains share statistical structure? • language • Speech to children • New York Times headlines • social contacts • Distribution of email authors Anderson & Schooler (1991, 2000) Schooler & Anderson (1997)

  13. Combined Effects of Recency & Context New York Times Speech

  14. Combined Effects of Frequency & Recency

  15. Human Social Contact • Thorsten Pachur • University of Basel • 10 participants • 100 Day Diary Study • Social contact was defined • as all face-to-face or phone conversations lasting at least five minutes • all electronic and other written communication of at least 100 words in length.

  16. Recency Effects in Social Contacts

  17. Driving Behavior Real Time City Case Study • To what extent do our movments through the world share statistical structure with language and social contact?

  18. Method

  19. Data • about 200 Subjects (1 car & 1 driver) • one gps read every six minutes • 2177817 total reads • 1 x 1 Kilometer grid

  20. Austin

  21. Recency Effects in Driving SE= +- .001

  22. Recency Effects in Document Access Recker & Pitkow, "Predicting Document Access in Large Multimedia Repositories." ACMTransactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 3, no. 4 (1996): 352-375.

  23. ACT-R Activation Equations

  24. How a record’s activation grows and fades

  25. Association to Context

  26. Retrieval & Selection • Estimate the probability (log-odds) that a RDF-Triple is needed in Reasoning/Deciding phase as a function of frequency, recency, spacing, and association to elements of the querry and method used • Parameterize and Test whether ACT-R’s activation equations adequately model these probabilities • Incorporate ACT-R’s base activation into other measures of association (e.g., semantic space model, Quantum Semantics, etc)

  27. Take Home Message • Patterns of information use looks similar across domains • Language • Speech to children • New York Times Headlines • Social Contact • Email • Face to face • We are likely to find similar patterns of information use in our case studies • Driving Behavior • Document access • ACT-R’s Memory model (Activation Equations) learn to reflect these patterns of information use • One flavor of Activation in LarKC’s retrieval experiments in WP 2 will take this approach • Can they scale? • Simpler better?

  28. end

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