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The U.S. in World War II

http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-05.jpg. The U.S. in World War II. http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-06.jpg. http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-02.jpg. http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/.

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The U.S. in World War II

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  1. http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-05.jpghttp://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-05.jpg The U.S. in World War II http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-06.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-02.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/ Section 1: Mobilizing for Defense Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa Section 3: The War in the Pacific Section 4: The Home Front

  2. Effect of World War II on U.S. • New Technology • New Prosperity • New Position of Power in the World

  3. Eastern Europe Western Europe North Africa / Italy Far East / Pacific Soviets v. Germany Allies v. Germany Allies v. Germany / Italy Allies v. Japan Theatres of War

  4. Which Area to Concentrate on First?? • Germany First • Defeat of Japan will not end the war, but defeat of Germany will leave Japan all alone • Closer cultural ties with countries occupied by Germany • Germany most direct threat to the Western Hemisphere, European Trade, the Atlantic Ocean, and Latin America • Fear Germany might develop weapons powerful enough to take over the world. (Nuclear and Rockets) • Germany might defeat Soviet Union and eliminate the two front war that is an allied advantage.

  5. Battle of the Atlantic • Hitler’s U-boats cause huge losses to American ships that are lifeline to Britain • Convoy System escorted by destroyers • Use of Sonar – Sound Navigation Ranging Apparatus • Use of Radar – Radio Detecting and Ranging Equipment • Ariel surveillance • Crash Shipbuilding Program • Mid-1943 the tide turns http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-61.jpg

  6. Eastern Front • Siege and Battle of Stalingrad • August 1942 to Feb. 1943 • Germans lost 150,000 and 91,000 were captured • Soviets lost 1,100,000 defending the city • Turning point of war • Hitler wouldn’t allow a retreat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Front_1942-05_to_1942-11.png

  7. Opening A Western Front • Soviets pressure British and U.S. to open a second front • Looked at a cross channel invasion • British and U.S. decide they are not ready for this and opt to invade North Africa

  8. North Africa • Operation Torch • Nov. 8, 1942 • 1st major Allied Amphibious operation in European Theatre of North Africa • Dwight D. Eisenhower – commander • Landings in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers (see map page 572)

  9. General Erwin Rommel • “Desert Fox” • Commander of German Afrika Korps • German forces surrender in May 1943 • Forced to take poison after he is implicated in the plot to kill Hitler

  10. Casablanca Conference • January 1943 • Churchill and Roosevelt • Agree to accept only Unconditional Surrender of Axis Powers • Look at amassing large army to invade France across the English Channel • Agree to the invasion of Italy first

  11. Italian Campaign • Invasion of Sicily - Operation Husky • July 1943 • Mussolini forced to resign • Invasion of Italian Peninsula • Sept. 1943 • Germans plan to hold Italy • Bloody Anzio • 4 months • 25,000 Allied Causalities • 30,000 Axis Causalities

  12. Mussolini’s Fate • Mussolini rescued by the Germans and installed as a puppet dictator in German controlled Italy • Mussolini discovered by Italian Partisans in April, 1945, as he attempted to sneak across the Austrian border with his mistress • Mussolini and his mistress were killed and hung upside down in a plaza in Milan http://www.custermen.com/ItalyWW2/ILDUCE/Mussolini.htm http://www.comandosupremo.com/Mussolini.html

  13. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=2179393n View Tuskegee Airmen Story at link above Heroes in CombatMinority Groups http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/tuskegee/airrole.htm • Tuskegee Airmen • 92nd Infantry Division • 141st Regiment of the 36th Division • 100th Battalion • 442nd Regimental Combat Team • Navajo Code Talkers http://www.tuskegee.edu/Global/story.asp?S=1127695 http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/tuskegee/airoverview.htm http://bingaman.senate.gov/features/codetalkers/ http://www.goforbroke.org/history/history_historical_veterans_442nd.asp

  14. Tehran Conference • Meeting between Churchill, FDR, and Stalin • Discussed the invasion of Western Europe for the Spring of 1944 to be timed with the Soviet offensive

  15. Invasion of Normandy http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-99.jpg • Equipment and American troops flood southern England in preparation of the Invasion of Normandy • Operation Overlord – Code Name www.history.com http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-100.jpg

  16. D-Day • 5 Beach heads were designated for invasion • Sword - British • Gold - British • Juno - Canada • Omaha – U.S. • Utah – U.S. http://www.military.com/ContentFiles/dday_maps_3c.htm http://www.wtj.com/articles/normandy/ http://www.wtj.com/articles/normandy/index_map_sealand.htm

  17. D-Day • Eisenhower the Supreme Commander • June 5,1944 day set to launch invasion • Bad weather prevents launch • Last possible day to go and coincide with the tides is June 6, weather still not great but the launch is ordered. • Germans know an invasion is imminent but do not know where. They are surprised. • Germans believed invasion would happen in Calais, across the Strait of Dover.

  18. D-Day • The largest land-sea-air operation in army history • Mulberry Harbor – enormous concrete ports towed across channel (see map 575) • 1,200 fighting ships • 4,126 landing craft • 804 transport ships • 10,000 planes • 132,500 soldiers • 23,000 airborne troops • 10,000 American Paratroopers dropped into France http://history1900s.about.com/library/photos/blydday12.htm

  19. Patton’s Third Army http://www.generalpatton.com/gallery.html • Patton a tank commander in Africa, Italy, and France • Old Blood and Guts • Always in trouble with his superiors • Loses command until the invasion of France where his Third Army steams over the German defenses at an unheard of pace • German commanders admired and feared him http://www.generalpatton.com/gallery.html http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-101.jpg

  20. Liberation of Paris • Liberation of Paris by August 1944 • Paris was to be burned by Hitler’s orders but they order was not carried out • Allies rush to liberate France, Belgium, and Luxembourg by September 1944 http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-104.jpg

  21. View slide show @ http://home.att.net/~j.lepse/wsb/html/view.cgi-photos.html-.html Battle of the Bulge • Ardennes Offensive launched Dec. 1944 • Germans launch the last major German offensive of the war • Hitler’s last ditch attempt to win the war • Germans mass large force and throw everything they have at the Allied lines in the Ardennes • American troops, inexperienced and overstrained, hold the line although a dangerous bulge occurs • The line holds, but the Allies suffer heavy losses, 19,000 Americans killed http://www.history.army.mil/reference/bulge/images.htm

  22. Battle of the Bulge • Hitler’s Last Ditch Attempt • Nazi’s best commanders • Coincides with the weather • Selected the weak spot in the line • Created confusion with English speaking Nazi soldiers in U.S. uniforms • Real Significance • Caused war to be 6 months shorter • Germans used most of reserves (lost 100,000 troops killed, wounded, captured, plus 600 tanks and guns, and 1600 planes) • Soviet Union attacks at same time in the Eastern Front and they move into Germany sooner than expected. Nazis had pulled troops from Eastern Front to man the attack. Soviets will occupy most of Eastern Europe.

  23. Unconditional Surrender • April 25, 1945 – Soviet troops move into Berlin • Hitler marries his girlfriend, Eva Braun • Hitler and Eva commit suicide and Hitler orders their remains burned • V-E Day – Victory in Europe Day • May 8th, 1945 • Eisenhower accepts Germany’s Unconditional Surrender

  24. Nuremberg Trials • 24 Nazi leaders were put on trial for numerous crimes • Crimes against humanity • Crimes against peace • War Crimes • 12 of the 24 were sentenced to death • Others sent to prison • Established the idea that individuals are responsible for their own actions, even in times of war

  25. Roosevelt Dies • April 12, 1945 FDR dies of a stroke at his home in Warm Springs, Georgia • Harry S. Truman, FDR’s Vice – President becomes the nation’s 33rd president http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Truman Funeral Procession for Roosevelt http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/vofdrdeath.htm

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