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Bacteria and Viruses

For Test/Quiz Purposes. You should take notes from this PPT and be ready to answer all questions at the end while using those notes.. Bacteria. Bacteria make up the Kingdom EubacteriaBacteria are prokaryoticBacteria are single-celled, yet they clump together and form large chains or masses. Bacte

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Bacteria and Viruses

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    1. Bacteria and Viruses Chapter 10 Life Science

    2. For Test/Quiz Purposes You should take notes from this PPT and be ready to answer all questions at the end while using those notes.

    3. Bacteria Bacteria make up the Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic Bacteria are single-celled, yet they clump together and form large chains or masses. Bacteria are classified according to one of 3 shapes: Bacilli- rod shaped Cocci- spherical (round) Spirilla- spiral – screw like

    5. Bacteria were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design.[9] He called them "animalcules" and published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society

    6. Bacteria and Humans An estimated 100,000 different species of bacteria may live in the human body. Most humans have about 10X the number of bacteria cells living in the body as normal human cells. Most are good to us.

    7. Common Bacteria Appearance

    8. Bacteria – the Good We have trillions of bacteria living in our intestines that are able to digest and unravel some of the foods we eat. Without them, we simply would not be able to digest many foods. Lactobacillus (one of the most common bacteria) is responsible and used for the production of cheese, pickles, kraut, wine, and yogurt.

    9. Bacteria - The Bad Pathogenic bacteria are a major cause of human death and disease and cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, cholera, foodborne illness, pneumonia, leprosy and tuberculosis. Bacteria names you have heard: Anthrax, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, strep, meningitis, and typhoid are common bacterial concerns.

    10. Reproduction Methods Bacteria reproduce by asexual reproduction. This specific asexual method is called Binary Fission . An adult cell simply divides its’ circular DNA into the two ends of the cytoplasm and the cell cuts itself into by cytokinesis. Bacteria can reproduce about every 20 minutes and can produce a mass the size of a sugar cube in less than 24 hours.

    11. Bacterial Endospores Not only can bacteria reproduce quickly, but if conditions are not right, many bacteria can form endospores (the genetic material needed for reproduction and a hard thick coating) that can live in harsh, dry environments for many years before reappearing when environmental conditions improve.

    12. Viruses A virus is a microscopic particle that has the capability to get inside and destroy a living cell. A single virus contains protein and genetic material. A virus cannot function on its’ own and must be inside a living cell to reproduce. Viruses are smaller than the smallest bacteria- 5 billion can fit in a drop of blood.

    13. Classifying Viruses Viruses are classified- but not in one of the normal 6 Kingdoms. Viruses are not capable of sustaining life without a host and therefore do not fall into one of the Kingdoms previously discussed.

    14. What a Virus Looks Like

    15. Viruses Classified by Shapes Crystals Cylinders Spheres Spacecrafts

    16. How a Virus Works A virus finds a host cell The virus joins a host cell and deposits its genetic material into the cell. Once inside, it takes over the working mechanisms of the host cell and turns it into a virus factory. New manufactured viruses break out of the cell and the virus invades other cells.

    17. Treating a Virus Antibiotics do not kill a virus. Occasionally, doctors prescribe antibiotics to help eliminate other secondary infections, but generally, simple viral infections have to “run their course” Best viral defenses are vaccinations that are given long before the organism comes in contact with the real virus.

    18. Questions Bacteria are listed in what Kingdom? List the 3 general shapes of bacteria. Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Who first discovered bacteria? Give one example of a “good” bacteria. List 3 specific illnesses associated with bacteria.

    19. 7. How do bacteria normally reproduce? 8. If conditions are right, some bacteria form _________ and may live for long periods before reappearing and expressing themselves again. 9. Name 2 of the 4 viral shapes. 10. How does a virus work? 11. What is the best defense against a virus?

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