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Psychology 1011 Midterm #1

Psychology 1011 Midterm #1. Meredith Bessey & Rachel Grant. Questions? Email us!. Meredith Bessey Meredith.bessey@dal.ca Rachel Grant Rachel.grant@dal.ca. Chapter 2 – Studying Behaviour Scientifically . The Scientific Method. Some key terms to know: Hypothesis Theory Variable

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Psychology 1011 Midterm #1

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  1. Psychology 1011 Midterm #1 Meredith Bessey & Rachel Grant

  2. Questions? Email us! • Meredith Bessey • Meredith.bessey@dal.ca • Rachel Grant • Rachel.grant@dal.ca

  3. Chapter 2 – Studying Behaviour Scientifically

  4. The Scientific Method • Some key terms to know: • Hypothesis • Theory • Variable • Independent variable • Dependent variable • Operational definition • Placebo and expectancy effects

  5. Statistics! • Statistics is the branch of mathematics involving the collection, description, and interpretation of numerical data • What is a normal distribution? • Be able to differentiate and calculate the: • Mean • Median • mode

  6. What are Some Ways We Measure Behaviour? • Self-report measures • Reports by others • Often used to support self-reports • Physiological measures • Behavioural measures • All these approaches have their advantages and disadvantages

  7. Methods Of Research • Descriptive research • Case studies • Naturalistic observations • surveys • Correlational research • Experimental research

  8. Validity & Threats to Validity • Know the difference between: • Internal validity • External validity • Understand: • placebo effects • Confounding variables • Generalization • replication

  9. Ethics in Research • Ethical guidelines for both: • Human research • Non-human animal research

  10. Chapter 3 – Biological Foundations of Behavior

  11. The Neuron • Terms to know: • Neuron • Glia • Axon • Dendrite • Soma • Axon terminal • Nodes of ranvier • Myelin Sheath

  12. Function of the Neuron • Know: • The primary purpose of the neuron • The stages of depolarization/repolarization • Action potential vs. resting potential • Threshold

  13. Signal Transmission • Three types of neurons: motor, sensory, interneurons • 4 structure types: bipolar, unipolar, multipolar, pyramidal • What two ways can a response be terminated in the synapse? • Common NTs • Serotonin, dopamine, Ach, GABA norepinephrine • Know a small amount about each (in general are they inhibitory or excitatory?)

  14. The Nervous System • Comprised of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

  15. Brain Structures • Know major brain areas and their primary function • Hindbrain (medulla, pons, cerebellum) • Midbrain (reticular formation) • Forebrain (basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, lymbic system) • Cerebral Cortex (know Wenickes/Brocas areas)

  16. Cortex • Prefrontal cortex • Association cortex • Agnosia • Split brain syndrome • Neural plasticity

  17. Chapter 4 – Genes and Behaviour

  18. Some Key Genetics Concepts • Nature or nurture? Or is it nature AND nurture? • Key genetics terms: • Genotype • Phenotype • Genes • Chromosomes • Allele • DNA

  19. Gene Effects • Genes can be expressed in different ways • Dominant gene • Recessive gene • Polygenic transmission

  20. Gene Technologies • Recombinant DNA procedures • Virus-mediated gene transfer • Transgenic mice

  21. How Much is Genes and How Much is Environment? • Heritability coefficient • Twin studies • Compare concordance • Minnesota Twin Study • Adoption studies • Reaction range • Gene expression • epigenetics

  22. Evolution and Behaviour • Evolution • Natural selection • Adaptation • Domain-specific adaptations • Genetic determinism • Social Darwinism

  23. Evolutionary Psychology • What factors influence mate selection? • Parental investment • Different mating systems • Polygyny • Monogomous mating system • Polyandry • polygynandry

  24. Helping Behaviour • Cooperation • Altruism • Kin-selection theory • Theory of reciprocal altruism • aggression

  25. Questions? Email us! • Meredith Bessey • Meredith.bessey@dal.ca • Rachel Grant • Rachel.grant@dal.ca

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