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Types and Histology of Bones

Types and Histology of Bones. Ch. 6. 4 types of bones. Long Short Flat Irregular. Other Types of Bones. Sutural or Wormian bones – small bones located between joints of ___________ bones

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Types and Histology of Bones

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  1. Types and Histology of Bones Ch. 6

  2. 4 types of bones • Long • Short • Flat • Irregular

  3. Other Types of Bones • Sutural or Wormian bones – small bones located between joints of ___________ bones • Sesamoid bones – small bones wrapped in ______________ where pressure is great – patella (knee cap)

  4. 4 types of bone • Long bone • _________________ • Longer than they are wide • Ex: femur, humerus

  5. 4 types of bone • Short bones • As long as they are wide • Sometimes have _____________ shape

  6. 4 types of bone • Flat bones • When bone tissue invades and hardens fibrous membranes • They are ___________ in shape • Usually ____________ rather than flat

  7. 4 types of bone • Irregular • ______________ in shape • Do not fit into other categories

  8. 2 types of skeletons • Axial – 80 bones • ______________ axis of skeleton • 28 are skull bones • 26 vertebrae • 25 rib cage bones • 1 unattached hyoid bone

  9. 2 types of skeletons • Appendicular skeleton • 126 ______________ bones • Includes bones of _____________ • 64 bones in upper extremities • 62 bones in lower extremities

  10. Bone Histology • Made up of matrix of • 25% __________ • 25% protein • 50% mineral salts • 4 types of cells • Osteoprogenitor cells • Osteoblasts • Osteocytes • Osteoclasts

  11. 4 types of cells • Osteoprogenitor cells • Osteo = bone, pro = precursor, gen = to produce • Unspecialized cells – Stem cells • Undergo mitosis and develop into osteoblasts • Found in: inner periosteum, endosteum, and in canals

  12. 4 types of cells • Osteoblasts • Cells that form bone • Lost ability to divide • Secretes collagen which helps build bones • Found on surface of bones

  13. 4 types of cells • Osteoclasts • Develop from circulating monocytes (WBC) • Settles on surface of bone • Function is bone resorption (destroying matrix) • Helps development, growth, maintenance and repair of bone

  14. 4 types of cells • Osteocytes • Mature bone cells from osteoblasts • Principal cells of bone tissue • Can’t divide • Maintains cellular activity • Exchange of nutrients and waste with blood • Calcium absorption

  15. 2 regions of bone • Compact and spongy or cancellous tissue

  16. Compact bone • External layers of bone • Protection and support • Helps long bones resist stress of weight on them • Tensile strength – resistance to being stretched apart • Haversian canals – openings for blood vessels • Volkmann’s canals – opening for blood vessels that are perpendicular to Haversian canals

  17. Compact bone

  18. Spongy bone • No true osteons • Makes up epiphysis of long bones • In hips, ribs, sternum, spine, skull and end of bones • Sites of red bone marrow storage • Trabeculae – thin plates of lamellae

  19. Spongy bone

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