الفعل المضارع

1. الفعل المضارع The Imperfect Verb Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

2. Definition & Possible Meanings • مضارع is the verb that indicates on the present tense, both simple and continuous, and also has the possibility of the future tense, meaning the same word may convey any one of the three tenses i.e. simple present, present continuous and future. The context and situation in which the verb is spoken will determine which tense is intended from the three e.g. يَنصُرُ (he helps, is helping or will help), يُنصَرُ (he is helped, is being helped or will be helped). Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

3. Prefixes and Suffixes • The imperfect verb conjugation table is constructed with both prefixes as well as suffixes. The three base letters will be in between. The prefix is one of four letters. Depending on the particular conjugation the verb will begin with a ياء, تاء,همزة or نون. Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

4. Construction • From the total 14 conjugations, five will not have a suffix, meaning the third base letter will be the final letter of the verb. The other nine conjugations will be divided into four groups; 4, 2, 2 and 1, each receiving a common suffix. The method of constructing the imperfect verb is as follows: Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

5. Step #1 • Before the ف position on all 14 of the conjugations one of the four above mentioned letters will be attached and the ف position will become ساكن. ياء will come on 4; the first three (third person masculine) and number six; third person plural feminine. تاء will be attached to 8; the two third person feminine conjugations 4 and 5 and all six second person conjugations. The letterهمزة is attached to number 13, first person singular while نون is the prefix for number 14, first person plural. Isolating the prefix, it will sound like this: يف, يف, يف, تف, تف, يف, تف six times, أف, and نف. Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

6. Step #2 • Moving to the suffix side, five conjugations we said will not have a suffix. The only thing of significance is the final letter; the ‘لام position’ will be voweled with a ضمة, instead of a فتحة like in the ماضي pattern. These are numbers 1, 4, 7 and the last two. For simplification purposes they are referred to as ‘the five singulars’, even though the last one is plural and number 10 is not included in this group. Now keeping in mind the prefixes we’ve already attached, the five will result as follows:يَفْعَلُ, تَفْعَلُ, تَفْعَلُ, أَفْعَلُ and نَفْعَلُ. Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

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8. Step #3 • In the four duals, the suffix will be an الف and a نون مكسورة. The conjugations will be: َيفْعَلانِِِ,َتفْعَلانِ,تفْعَلانِ, andتفْعَلانِ Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

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10. Step #4 • In numbers 3 and 9 i.e. the two plural masculine conjugations, the suffix will be a واؤ ساكنة preceded by a ضمة on the لام position and followed by a نون مفتوحة, resulting in يَفعَلونَ and تَفعَلونَ. Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

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12. Step #5 • In number 10, the second person singular feminine, the suffix is ياء ساكنة preceded by a كسرة, followed by a نون مفتوحة: تَفعَلينَ Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

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14. Step #6 • In the two plural feminine conjugations, numbers 6 and 12, there will be an addition of just نون مفتوحة preceded by a سكون on the لام position: يَفعَلنَ andتَفعَلنَ. Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

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16. Passive voice • The passive voice for the imperfect verb is made from the active by a) changing the vowelling of the second to last letter to a فتحة, if it is not already فتحة, and b) giving the sign of مضارع i.e. the prefix a ضمة. Thus يَفتَحُ will become يُفتَحُ (it is opened, being opened, or will be opened), يَنصُرُ will become يُنصَرُ (he is helped, is being helped, or will be helped), and يَضرِبُ will become يُضرَبُ (he is hit, is being hit, or will be hit). Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4

17. Negative Tenses • Adding the particle ‘لا’ to the beginning of both active and passive voice conjugations of this verb will make them negative. Shariah Program Online - Lecture 4