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Jeffrey Heer · 16 April 2009

Social Computing. Jeffrey Heer · 16 April 2009. Administrivia. Research project abstract drafts, due this Friday, April 17 @ 7am Content Research Question (in one sentence!) Hypothesis Methodology Study Recruitment Plan 1-2 paragraphs (be concise, but concrete ). google earth. flickr.

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Jeffrey Heer · 16 April 2009

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  1. Social Computing Jeffrey Heer · 16 April 2009

  2. Administrivia Research project abstract drafts, due this Friday, April 17 @ 7am Content Research Question (in one sentence!) Hypothesis Methodology Study Recruitment Plan 1-2 paragraphs (be concise, but concrete)

  3. google earth flickr post-it notes time snail-mail usenet graffiti asynchronous remote asynchronous co-located tagging blogs web whiteboards email youtube ambient displays IM table-top interaction projectors telephone teleconference synchronous remote synchronous co-located distributed visualization virtual workspaces space

  4. Social Computing [via Wikipedia] The intersection of social behavior and computational systems. (a) Supporting social behavior through computational systems • Blogs, e-mail, IM, social networks, wikis • Is this different from CSCW?

  5. Social Computing[via Wikipedia] The intersection of social behavior and computational systems. (a) Supporting social behavior through computational systems (b) Supporting information production and “computation” by groups of people • Collaborative filtering, prediction markets, tagging, games with a purpose • “The Wisdom of Crowds”

  6. USENET [Smith, Fiore]

  7. World of Warcraft World of Warcraft [Yee, Ducheneaut et al]

  8. History Flow Wikipedia History Flow [Viégas et al]

  9. Group Lens GroupLens / MovieLens [Univ. Minnesota]

  10. GWAP Games with a Purpose [von Ahn et al]

  11. Kohavi A/B A B A/B Testing [Kohavi et al]

  12. Many-Eyes / sense.us Many Eyes [IBM]

  13. Mankoff Green FB StepGreen [Mankoff et al]

  14. research

  15. Research Approaches Studying characteristics of online communities • Collect usage data; Observe, interview users Intervene in existing systems • e.g., Facebook apps • Controlled experimentation Introduce + study new systems • Requires massive investment (?) Mining social media • Recommendation and matching algorithms, …

  16. Research Questions How and why do people join communities? How is collective action organized? Why do people contribute? Issues of quality control, privacy, trust, … What are the interactions between social structure and system design? How do these findings generalize and inform the design of new socio-technical systems?

  17. friendster

  18. Profiles, Fakesters, Fraudsters

  19. vizster [InfoVis 05]

  20. World of Warcraft World of Warcraft [Yee, Ducheneaut et al]

  21. History Flow Wikipedia History Flow [Viégas et al]

  22. “Talk” Pages on Wikipedia Viégas et al. 2007

  23. Coordination on Wikipedia “… [we] note that administrative and coordinating elements seem to be growing at a faster pace than the bulk of articles in the encyclopedia [Wikipedia]” Viégas et al. 2007

  24. “Emergent” Order and Coordination

  25. Wiki Dashboard Wiki Dashboard [Suh et al]

  26. Collaborative Tagging & Rating

  27. [Chi & Mytkowicz]

  28. [Budiu, Pirolli, & Hong]

  29. Public Goods Non-Excludability • No one can be stopped from “using” the good Non-Rival Goods (Jointness of Supply) • Consumption does not reduce availability Commons-based peer-production • (Tech-mediated) social production of goods Free-rider problem • Consumption disproportionate to production • Gnutella: 10% users  87% of music [Adar ‘00]

  30. Integrating Contributions Wikipedia: Shared Revisions NASA ClickWorkers: Statistics Reduce the cost of synthesizing contributions

  31. Incentives for Contribution [Benkler] Monetary (you get reward, $) • e.g.: Mechanical Turk Hedonic (you enjoy it) • e.g.: Games with a Purpose Social-Psychological (you get social capital) • e.g.: Discussion forums, Open-source software

  32. Manipulating Incentives How to design systems to foster contribution? Ling et al ‘05: movie recommendations • Highlight unique contributions, issue challenges Cheshire ’07: simulated music sharing • Positive feedback from peers: sustained contrib. • Visible group activity: short-lived boost

  33. Social Psychological Incentives [Cheshire]

  34. Awareness and Task Allocation An understanding of the activities of others, which provides a context for your own activity. [Dourish & Belotti ‘92] Ensure work is relevant to the group’s activity View the activities of others (e.g., live or via history) Coordination via shared artifacts Info explicitly generated or passively collected?

  35. Scented Widgets[Willet et al, InfoVis 07] Visual navigation cues embedded in interface widgets

  36. Next Time… Research The Science of Design, in The Sciences of the Artificial, pp. 128-159. Herbert A. Simon The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Ch. 1-4, 9, Thomas S. Kuhn, 1962, pp. 1-42, 92-110. Thomas S. Kuhn

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