GERMANY

1. GERMANY If you could not tell, the background is a German flag. Which makes sense. Cynthia Rodriguez Donald Pauley Ronald Noffz Lisa Fisher

2. Guest Worker Policies • “Germany is not a country of immigration”…? • Guest worker recruitment policies discontinued in 1973 • Current policies: • Immigration Act • Residence Act of 2004

3. Immigration Act • Stated purpose: regulate labor migration. • Core of the Immigration Act: Residence Act of 30 July 2004. • Established the principle that “the employment and self-employment offoreigners are to be oriented on Germany’s economic needs, taking into account the labour market situation and the need to reduce unemployment”.

4. More about the Residence Act • Governs the entry, residence, employment, and termination of the residence of foreigners within Germany. These rules do not apply to EU citizens or diplomats, who are entitled to freedom ofmovement.

5. Particulars • Ban on recruiting foreign unskilled and less-skilled workers. • Skilled workers only granted permits in exceptional cases.

6. The self-employed • Have permission to reside if exceptional economic or regional needs exist and if the planned business is expected to have a positive impact and has secure financing. • Possibly granted a settlement permit after 3 years if their business is successful and their livelihood ensured.

7. Exceptions • Guest worker training programs from Central or Eastern Europe • Qualified nursing staff • People under 25 may work as an au pair; students enrolled in foreign universities can workduring holidays or participate in internship positions • Positions with special training requirements: scientists, engineers, managerial positions or executives, chefs, chaplains, artists, etc.

8. Immigration Profile for Germany Today there are around 7.3 million foreigners living in the Federal Republic of Germany; this is equivalent to 8.9% of the total population. Maria Bohmer Commisioner For Immigration Stock data represent "snapshots" of a population at a single point in time by counting (as in a census) or estimating (as in a survey) the distribution of that population according to some characteristic, such as foreign born

9. “Bridges” • World War II “Over the past decade more than 190,000 people from the former Soviet Union immigrated to Germany. Today, with more than 100,000 Jews, Germany is home to the third largest number of Jews and has the fastest growing Jewish population in Europe.”-German Embassy, Washington, D.C. • Reunification Large numbers of ethnic Germans lived in Eastern Europe and the territories of the former Soviet Union until World War II. Subsequent expulsions, discrimination, and deteriorating economic conditions led huge numbers to emigrate to Germany.–www.migrationinformation.org • Post 1970 Economic Expansion Recruitment for workers focused on Italy, Spain, Portugal, former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Tunisia and Morocco. Many of the “guest-workers” stayed in Germany and eventually brought family members to join them. • The European Union It in worth noting that in 1999 intra-European migration involved than less than .2 percent of the total EU population, while only 1.2% of workers change residence, largely due to structural rigidities such as labor laws designed to reserve certain professions to nationals of Member States amongst other protections.

12. Top countries sending Guest worker migrants to Germany • Turkey • The former Yugoslavia • Italy • Greece • Poland

13. When did migrants come from their home country? *Registered Foreign Residents in Germany by Nationality, Selected Years, 1961-92 (in thousands)

14. Germany - $ 29,800 2005 est What is the Per Capita income for Germany and migrating countries ? Turkey- $ 7,900 2005 est. Yugoslavia (former)- $ 2,700 2005 est Italy- $ 28,4002005 est Greece-$ 22,8002005 est. Poland- $ 12,7002005 est.

15. Recorded remittances flows out of Germany reached $4 billion last year. • The major beneficiary country is Turkey with $1.2 billion.

16. Countries migrants go from our top five countries migrating to Germany Top 5 migrating to Germany Most migrate to

17. The New Immigration Act Started January 1 2005 High worker skills are what Germany is looking for, there is still a little room for the under skilled workers. High qualified workers are getting permanent residency, rather than the five year residency. To get residency, immigrants must have a concrete job and have the permission from German Employment Agency

18. The New Immigration Act • Small business are allowed to open in Germany. • As long as you invest 1 million Euros and employee 10 German people. • Family that move with workers can eventually work in Germany also.

19. The New Immigration Act • Second attempt to establish a immigration act. • First act was thrown out by the Federal Constitutional Court because it was invalid.

20. GERMAN MINISTER DEFENDS NEW IMMIGRATION LAW -published by German newspaper Die Welt website on 4 March Berlin: German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble (CDU [Christian Democratic Union]) has rejected criticism by SPD [Social Democratic Party of Germany] domestic policy expert Dieter Wiefelspuetz that the new law on immigration is not good with regard to several decisive points. Wiefelspuetz had found fault with the fact that in 2005, only 900 highly qualified workers had emmigrated to Germany. "Highly qualified people, as soon as they immigrate, can immediately receive a long-term right of residence with the option of naturalization later," Schaeuble told Die Welt. Spouses and children could enter and afterwards could also engage in gainful employment, he said. "This takes place unbureaucratically because the employment does not have to be brought in on the issuing of a visa, and the special work permit was done away with." The effectiveness of these new regulations is being continuously examined. Bavarian Interior Minister Guenther Beckstein (CSU [Christian Social Union]) accused Wiefelspuetz of having only the law on residency in his sights, with uncertain data, and of overlooking the fact that in parallel, extensive portions of the earlier Green Card regulations would still be in force. "With his assignment of guilt, Mr Wiefelspuetz obviously wants to draw people's attention away from the poor economic development in the Red-Green [former SPD-Green Party coalition government] era," said Beckstein.

21. Does Migration Help Germany? • YES! • Birth Rate is down. • Needs 200,000 people every year to even out. • Immigrants are helping Germany by paying welfare and social insurance programs by paying twice as much in taxes.

22. Labor Shortage? • New immigration act started in January 1st 2005. • High skilled workers will have an easier time than lower skilled workers • Natural Scientist, Professors, Highly Technological.

23. Problems? Controversies? • Do not view their country as the land of immigration like the USA and Canada. • No controversies • But two-thirds don’t want immigrants in there country • Half of two-thirds want to kick them out.

24. The Germans VS. Americans Our beliefs are that the US should adopt a similar guest worker program. -