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Charles V and the Habsburg Legacy

Charles V and the Habsburg Legacy. Habsburg-Valois Wars AP European History. Habsburgs – European Dynasty. Maximilian I (1493-1519) administrative “circles”, Imperial Chamber and Council strategic use of royal marriages he marries Mary of Burgundy (France & Netherlands)

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Charles V and the Habsburg Legacy

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  1. Charles V and the Habsburg Legacy Habsburg-Valois Wars AP European History

  2. Habsburgs – European Dynasty • Maximilian I (1493-1519) • administrative “circles”, Imperial Chamber and Council • strategic use of royal marriages • he marries Mary of Burgundy (France & Netherlands) • their son, Philip, marries Joanna heiress of Castile & Spanish America, Aragon & its Mediterranean & Italian possessions • their son, Charles, inherits all this PLUS is elected Holy Roman Emperor, 1519

  3. Habsburg Family Tree Mary Tudor Queen of England pg. 355

  4. Habsburg Brothers • Emperor Charles V (a.k.a. King Charles I of Spain) – most powerful ruler of his time • Ferdinand elected King of Bohemia and Hungary • Attempts to protect areas from the Turks, who had been moving into Europe since the fall of Constantinople, 1453

  5. Habsburg Dynasty under Charles V U2.D1 #21

  6. The Habsburg Threat • “Universal Monarchy” • threat to national independence • France especially worried (they are surrounded) • England worried (they are not making headway into the continent)

  7. Charles V – political change in Empire • Reinstatement of: • Imperial Supreme Court • Council of Regency • Creation of: • Consultation of Imperial Diet In what ways did these concessions end up helping the PR in Germany? (U2.D1 #22)

  8. Emperor Charles V • Charles V dealing w/ French, Turks, and Pope is unable to direct attention toward Luther • urges a European wide council for reconciliation • Unfortunately, Francis I and Henry VIII prefer national councils and Pope Clement VII sides with Francis I • Habsburg-Valois Wars (1521-1544) • Conflict centered around southern France, Netherlands, Rhineland, northern Spain and Italy • 2nd Habsburg-Valois War (1527-1529) = violent sacking of Rome by the Spanish under Charles V, by 1530 Charles V ruled over most of Italy

  9. Charles V and the Ottoman Empire • Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) • Battle of Mohacs (1526) – King Louis of Hungary killed & Turks advanced on Vienna, turned back in 1529 • 1532-1535 forced to fight off Turkish, Arab, and Barbary attacks on Mediterranean coasts of Spain and Italy

  10. Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55) • 1546 France and Schmalkaldic League go to war with Empire • Schmalkaldic League (princely Lutheran supporters and free imperial states), formed in 1531 after Charles V demands that all converts return to the Catholic Church • King Henry II (France) supports the Schmalkaldic League as it weakens the Empire

  11. Schmalkaldic Wars (1546-47, 52-55) • Imperial Forces = German, Dutch, Spanish & Italian troops • Phase 1 • Battle of Mühlberg, Lutherans are defeated (1547) • Phase 2 • 1552 Henry II (France) revives wars • 1555 France and Schmalkaldic League are victorious – Charles V forced to negaotiate a truce

  12. Peace of Augsburg (1555) • cuius regio eius religio: “whose the region, his the religion” • rulers at liberty to choose the religion of the individual states • victory for Lutheranism – now on equal footing with Catholicism • increased national fragmentation of Germany • The Peace of Augsburg overlooks one crucial issue of the Reformation. What is it?

  13. Abdication of Charles V • 1556 – sick and exhausted Charles V gives up his fight of the Empire and abdicates the throne to his brother Ferdinand (HRE +) and his son, Philip (Spain) • Now in addition to all other territories (except Spain) HREmperor is also the King of Bohemia and Hungary • Philip becomes Philip II, King of Spain

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