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Modernity and Globalisation

Modernity and Globalisation. Gurminder K. Bhambra. Why Globalisation Now?. Week 12. Why Globalisation?. The current idea of the ‘global’ came into fashion after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War Academic categories were rethought to fit the new world order

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Modernity and Globalisation

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  1. Modernity and Globalisation Gurminder K. Bhambra

  2. Why Globalisation Now? Week 12

  3. Why Globalisation? • The current idea of the ‘global’ came into fashion after the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War • Academic categories were rethought to fit the new world order • The idea of the ‘global’ maintains the idea of a ‘centre’ from which global processes can be understood, namely ‘world society’ • The idea of a paradigmatic or epochal shift, however, can be overstated

  4. The Standard History of the Global • ‘Proto-globalisation’ among a number of civilisations prior to the modern era • e.g. trading networks, religious attachments • Rise of capitalist modernity in Europe and the region’s rise to global dominance • e.g. nation-states, science, Enlightenment • Colonial domination of much of the world by, largely, European powers • e.g. colonial empire, slavery, imperialism • Rise of US global economic power since 1945 • e.g. postwar prosperity, baby-boomers, triumphant capitalism (perhaps less so today!)

  5. Distinguishing the Global • De-territorialisation / changing notions of space and the politics associated with space, decreasing importance of the nation-state, more emphasis on universal human rights • Inter-connectedness / migration and travel, global culture, films and media, social networking sites • Speed / impact of new technologies, faster travel and communication • Process / cumulative developments over time • Shared global problems / environmental concerns, current economic crisis • Multi-faceted / all of the above

  6. Why now? • The processes of the global could be argued to have a longer history • Why is there a particular perception of such a shift now? • The processes of globalization that were once visited on others are now coming ‘home’ to roost • transfer of jobs from the UK to China or India • new technologies produce effects which are globally felt, e.g. Chernobyl disaster, global economic crisis

  7. Global Processes in Question • Decline of the nation – was it as predominant before? Is it in decline now? • Speed – is a relative concept • Global problems – many problems have been global for a long time, the issue is that the effects were felt elsewhere and so we were not as aware of them as problems

  8. British Empire = Globalization?

  9. Resources • A Student’s Guide to Globalization, State University of New York (arguments for and against globalization are given in the ‘Useful Links’ section) http://www.globalization101.org/ • Anthony Giddens’ Reith Lectures on ‘Globalization’ on BBC Radio 4 (transcripts and podcasts) http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/events/reith_99/week1/week1.htm

  10. Essay Workshop Question titles • Discuss / Critically discuss ... • Critically evaluate ... • Outline ... • How and why ... • Assess ... • Why ...

  11. Structure • Title • Keep your focus on the question throughout the essay • Introduction • Explain how you interpret the question • Clarify any ambiguities in the title; present initial definitions • Identify the main issues to be explored • Identify, briefly, the structure

  12. Structure • Main body • Clear, distinct sections, made up of paragraphs, each dealing with one theme; might use sub-headings • Provide links between sections; give your essay direction • Use evidence to back up your claims • Reference your sources • Conclusion • Summarize your main points • Reflect on the arguments you have put forward • Consider the implications of what you have written • Draw these points into a final concluding sentence

  13. References • To give information, to illustrate a point, to present a particular perspective, to present an argument or counter-argument • Support your argument with more than one source • Select examples from a range of sources • Be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence used • Why reference? • To show that you have researched your material • To acknowledge the source of the information used • To distinguish between your ideas and the ideas of others • To provide support to your ideas

  14. References • Harvard system • The social scientists of the nineteenth century mostly operated with an idea of modernisation that endowed historical development with coherence (Iggers 1997). • The general understanding of the modern world was thus premised on the idea of modernization as ‘a process of the global diffusion of Western civilisation and its key institutions’ (Wittrock 1998: 19) • According to Bendix (1967), modernization theory rested on three related assumptions.

  15. Bibliography • Book • McLennan, Gregor 2006. Sociological Cultural Studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan • Article • Wittrock, Bjorn 1998. ‘Early Modernities: Varieties and Transitions’, Daedalus: Early Modernities summer 127 (3): 19-40 • Chapter in an Edited Book • Spivak, GayatriChakrabarty 1990. ‘Post-structuralism, Marginality, Postcoloniality and Value’, in Peter Collier and Helga Geyer-Ryan (eds) Literary Theory Today. Cambridge: Polity Press • Website • Dimitrijevic, Nenad 2006. ‘Moral responsibility for collective crime’, Eurozinehttp://eurozine.com/pdf/2006-07-05-dimitrijevic-en.pdfaccessed 23 June 2007

  16. Academic Conduct • Plagiarism is when you intentionally pass off someone else’s work as your own, be it from a published source or from the web or from another essay (your own or somebody else’s!) • If you’re using words, phrases, ideas from someone else – reference them

  17. Presentation • Word-processed • Use clear English; no slang or jargon • Avoid using a ‘patchwork’ of quotations • Good referencing • Accurate bibliography • Clear layout • Check spelling and grammar • Review and revise • No plastic folders, or paper clips, or other fancy binding – just stapled in the top left hand corner please!

  18. Websites • Academic writing course http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/study/csde/usp/wsc/cm4a1 • Undergraduate skills programme http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/study/csde/usp/recipes • On referencing http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/main/help/guidespublications/bib_cit/ • On academic writing http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/advise.html http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/celte/languagesupport/aez/resources/

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