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Imperialism

Imperialism. The extension of a nation’s power over other lands – culturally, economically, politically. Motives for imperialism. 1) Economics (Industrial Revolution gave England a need to get more land and resources)

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Imperialism

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  1. Imperialism The extension of a nation’s power over other lands – culturally, economically, politically

  2. Motives for imperialism • 1) Economics (Industrial Revolution gave England a need to get more land and resources) • 2) Politics (to be the strongest, most powerful country you must have colonies) • 3) Sense of Racial Superiority (Social Darwinism) • 4) Moral Responsibility to civilize primitive people (“White man’s burden”)

  3. Forms and Characteristics of Imperialism • Colony – country governed by foreign power • Indirect Rule (p. 651, 1006) • Direct Rule (p. 651, 1005) • Protectorate – country has own internal government, but under control of another • Sphere of Influence – outside power claims exclusive rights to investments and trade • Economic Imperialism – controls economy of another country by developing strong business and trade there

  4. Areas of Colonialism Colonies Shmolonies!

  5. Southeast Asia • Great Britain – Singapore, Burma • France – Vietnam (Indochina) • Netherlands – Sumatra, Java, New Guinea • United States - Philippines

  6. Benefits of Colonial Rule • Railroads, highways, other structures • Led to modern economic system (Created entrepreneurial class) • Wealth for Imperial Country • Some educational reform

  7. Problems and Resistance • Plantation agriculture • High taxes • Removal/destruction of natural resources and raw materials (teak wood, rubber, spices, tea, sugar) • Early resistance failed – eventual success by educated nationalists (i.e. Vietnam, Burma)

  8. Africa

  9. Berlin Conference (1884 – 1885) • 14 countries (European) divide up Africa • No African delegates at the conference • By 1914, only Ethiopia and Liberia are not under European control

  10. North Africa • Ottoman Empire in control under Muhammad Ali • Suez Canal stirs British interest • British eventually control Egypt

  11. Central Africa • Interest in jungles (Livingstone and Stanley) – not strong colonial interest • No real economic benefit • Belgium takes Congo more for status than profit

  12. East Africa • Similar to Central Africa as far as colonial value • “All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections” – Otto von Bismarck

  13. Conflict in South Africa • 1. Africans – Zulus are under British control by 1870s • 2. Boers (Dutch Farmers) • 3. English

  14. Boer War • English chase Dutch out of Southern Africa and take control (lots of gold and diamonds there – Cecil Rhodes) • First total modern war (advanced technology, citizens involved, detention camps, etc.)

  15. Results of African Imperialism • Racism – segregation (Apartheid in South Africa) • “White Man’s Burden” • African Nationalism – seek to end foreign rule Rogers, William Allan. "Uncle Sam's New Class in the Artof Self-Government." Harper™s Weekly, 27 August 1898.

  16. Assignment • 1) Complete p. 670 #1, 2, 5, 6; p. 677 #1, 2, 4, 5, 6

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