1 / 16

Protestant Reformation and Reformers: Key Concepts and Impacts

This text highlights key aspects of the Protestant Reformation, including the involvement of key figures like Martin Luther and the impacts on Christianity. It also delves into the characteristics of Northern Renaissance Humanism, the roles of Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism, and the influence of politics on the Reformation. The causes of the Reformation, corruption within the Catholic Church, and the advancements in printing press technology are explored, offering a comprehensive overview of this transformative period in religious history.

shanna
Download Presentation

Protestant Reformation and Reformers: Key Concepts and Impacts

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Bellringer #3 • What do you already know about the Protestant Reformation? Who was involved? When did it begin? What were some of the new ideas? • Write 1 paragraph!

  2. The Protestant Reformation Chapter 14 Sections 3 & 4

  3. Essential Questions • What were the characteristics of Northern Renaissance (Christian) Humanism? • What were the chief ideas of Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism? • What role did politics play in the creation and spread of the Protestant Reformation?

  4. Causes of the Reformation • Renaissance ideas (humanism, glorification of the individual) • The Catholic Church after the Middle Ages was weaker (plague, political control) • Printing press (allowed information to spread faster, allowed lay people to read the Bible for themselves)

  5. Northern Renaissance(Christian) Humanism • Taken from Italian Renaissance humanism’s study of the classics • Goal was to reform Christendom • Desiderius Erasmus • Studied original Christian texts • Handbook of the Christian Knight – Christianity should show how to live, not be rules to get saved • Praise of Folly (1511) – criticized popes

  6. Corruption of the Church • Renaissance Popes (1450 – 1520) • Worried about Italian politics (Papal States) • Financial problems (buying art) • Pluralism • Absenteeism • Indulgences • Sell of salvation • People wanted a more meaningful religious experience

  7. Martin Luther • Born in Germany (Nov. 10, 1483) • Studied law until deciding to become a monk • Studied the Bible • New idea – justification by faith • Salvation was not through good works, but through faith

  8. Martin Luther • Selling of indulgences angered Luther • Pope Leo X trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica • Johann Tetzel • Ninety-Five Theses (October 31, 1517) • Wittenberg, Germany • Attack on the church and the sell of indulgences • Printed copies spread throughout Germany • Pope Leo X excommunicates in Jan. 1521 • Diet of Worms-Luther was made an outlaw

  9. Lutheranism • Translated New Testament into German • Salvation through faith alone (not through the church) • Bible is only source of religious truth • Peasant’s War • Sided with rulers to keep peace • The Peace of Ausberg • The division of Christianity was formally accepted

  10. Bellringer #4 • Explain what is meant by justification by grace through faith alone. • List three major areas of corruption within the Catholic Church that led to the Reformation. • According to Erasmus, what should be the chief concerns of the Christian Church?

  11. Swiss Reforms (Zwinglianism) • Huldrych Zwingli (1484 – 1531) • Like Lutheranism – salvation through faith alone • Different • Wanted a theocracy (church city-state) in Zurich • Zwingli’s forces defeated by Catholics

  12. Swiss Reforms (Calvinism) • John Calvin – born in France in 1509 • Studied theology, law, and humanism • Wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion • Predestination – belief that God is all powerful and predestined those who were saved • Geneva – began to reform as a theocracy

  13. English Religious Reform • Henry VIII – wanted a male heir • Catherine of Aragon – daughter Mary • Nephew was Charles V of HRE • Asked pope for a divorce, pope denied • Henry turns to Parliament for help • Act of Supremacy (1534) – King became head of English church, not the pope • Church keeps most Catholic traditions

  14. English Religious Reform • Henry’s Wives • 6 wives = 1 son • Edward VI (sickly, dies in teens) • Protestant reforms put in changes to the Anglican Church • Mary (“Bloody Mary”) – Catholic, burned Protestants at the stake • Elizabeth I – Protestant, Anglican Church • Puritans – “purify” the English church

  15. Anabaptists • Did not want states to have power over religion • Favored by middle and lower class • Adult baptism, all members equal • Separation of church and state • Would not hold political office or fight in the army

  16. Catholic Reformation • Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Ignatius of Loyola • Spread Catholicism • Council of Trent • Re-affirmed traditional Catholic beliefs • Ended selling of indulgences • Inquisition • Censorship • Art • Latin only language to read the Bible • Baroque style – emotional

More Related