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The Ongoing Struggle for Equal Rights in America

This chapter delves into the historical and ongoing battle for equal rights across various demographics in America. It highlights Martin Luther King Jr.'s dream of equality and traces the evolution of civil rights, focusing on landmark cases like Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education. The chapter also examines the struggles faced by African Americans, women, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and LGBTQ+ individuals. It discusses legislative milestones such as the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, and the complexities of affirmative action, emphasizing that true equality remains a work in progress.

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The Ongoing Struggle for Equal Rights in America

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  1. Chapter 5 Equal Rights: Struggling Toward Fairness

  2. 5-2 Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”

  3. 5-3 The Struggle for Equality • African Americans • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Separate but equal was acceptable • The Brown Decision • Separate but equal was NOT acceptable • The Black Civil Rights Movement • The Aftermath of the Civil Rights Movement

  4. 5-4 The Struggle for Equality • Women • Women’s Legal and Political Gains • Job-Related Issues: Family Leave, Comparable Worth, and Sexual Harassment • Native Americans • Hispanic Americans • Legal and Political Action • Growing Political Power

  5. 5-5 The Struggle for Equality • Asian Americans • Lau v. Nichols (1974) • Proposition 227 • Other Groups and Their Rights • Older Americans • Disabled Americans • Gays and Lesbians • Lawrence v. Texas (2003) • Definition of marriage 2004 election issue

  6. 5-6 Equality Under the Law • Equal Protection: The Fourteenth Amendment • Reasonable-basis test • Strict-scrutiny test • Suspect classifications • Intermediate-scrutiny test

  7. 5-7 Equality Under the Law • Equal Access: The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 • Accommodations and Jobs • Housing • Equal Ballots: The Voting Rights Act of 1965, as Amended • Redistricting • Easley v. Cromartie (2001)

  8. 5-8 Equality of Result • Affirmative Action: Workplace Integration • Affirmative Action in the Law • California and Texas actions • University of Michigan • School Integration: Busing • The Swann Decision and Its Aftermath • Does Busing Work? • Diversity and America’s Schools

  9. 5-9 Persistent Discrimination: Superficial Differences, Deep Divisions • True equality remains elusive. • History shows progress, setbacks, and new challenges in equality. • Discrimination is still “America’s curse.”

  10. 5-10 States in the Nation

  11. 5-11 States in the Nation

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