Sub Saharan Africa 1900-1945

1. Sub Saharan Africa 1900-1945 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Africa1910sSmall.jpg Alexander Diaz P.1 AP world history 3/29/09

2. Economic and social changes • Since large European companies dominated wholesale commerce, much of the retail trade was controlled by many immigrants such as the Indians, Greeks and the Syrians.(Bulliet 794) • Farmers in the Gold Coast(now Ghana) profited from the high price of cocoa, as well as palm-oil producers in Nigeria and coffee growers in East Africa.(Bulliet 795) • Airplanes and automobiles were even more alien to the experience of Africans than railroads had been in the earlier generation.(Spodek 327) • In most of Africa women played a major role in the retail trades, selling pots and pans, cloth, food, and other items in the markets.(www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html) • Not until the 1930’s did colonial governments realize the negative consequences of their labor policies and began to invest in agricultural development and health care for Africans.(Spodek 330) • However, many Africans migrated to cities because of these benefits, which left their women to care for their children in the countryside.(Bulliet 795) WWW.kodiakschools.org/1920.JPEG

3. Religious and political changes • Many Africans turned to one of the two universal religions, Christianity and Islam, for guidance.(spodek 340) • It was most successful in the coastal regions of west and south Africa, where the European influence was strongest.(bulliet 797) • A major attraction of the Christian denominations was their mission schools, which taught both craft skills and basic literacy, providing access to employment as minor functionaries, teachers, and shopkeepers.(Bulliet 797) • In senegal Blaise Diagne agitated for African participation in politics and fair treatment in the French army.(Bulliet 798) • In South Africa, western-educated lawyers and journalists founded the African National congress in 1909 to defend the interests of Africans.(princeton 220) • These nationalist movements were inspired by the Ideas of Pan- Africanists from america such as W.E.B. du Bois and Marcus Garvey. www.montmone-virt.com.JPG

4. Affects of world war II • The war brought hardships, such as increased forced labor, inflation, and requisitions of raw materials.(Bulliet 800) • Millions of Africans served as soliders and carriers in Burma, North Africa, and Europe, where many became aware of Africa’s role in helping the allied war effort.(Bulliet 801) • The building of cities, railroads, and other enterprises brought Africa into the global economy, often at great human cost.(spodek 335) • Colonialism also brought changes to African culture and religion, hastening the spread of Christianity and Islam.(princeton 230) • The population of Sub-saharan Africa also grew 3% each and every year after the war. (www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html) • Also, www.iah.virginia.edc/slavery.jpg

5. Bibliography • The Earth and its peoples: a global history, third edition, Richard w. Bulliet, Boston New york • The Worlds History, second edition, Howard Spodek, upper saddle river; NJ • Cracking the AP world history exam, 2006-2007 edition, Monty armstrong,NY • www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Bulletins/PRBvol5no5.html)