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Bell Work

Bell Work. How does bacteria affect your everyday life? Does bacteria impact your life positively, negatively, or both?. Objectives. Explain how the two groups of prokaryotes differ. Describe how prokaryotes vary in structure and function. Explain the role of bacteria in the living world.

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Bell Work

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  1. Bell Work How does bacteria affect your everyday life? Does bacteria impact your life positively, negatively, or both?

  2. Objectives • Explain how the two groups of prokaryotes differ. • Describe how prokaryotes vary in structure and function. • Explain the role of bacteria in the living world.

  3. Bacteria- True or False? • There can be up to 25 species of bacteria living in a single mouth. • A milliliter of saliva can contain as many as 40 million bacterial cells. • 80% of pathogens (bacteria & viruses) are spread by touch. • 400 more germs are present on a desk than on a toilet. • There are an estimated 75 to 100 trillion cells in the human body.  There are more bacteria in your body than the number of cells in your body. 

  4. Concept Formation • Student Generated Data • Sorted Data- group words based on perceptions of how the terms fit together • Determine Concept Labels

  5. Concept Formation Infectious Agents

  6. Group Formation • Separate based on the following: • I received some form of technology over the Holidays! • I received money over the Holidays! • I didn’t get anything over the Holidays! • I received something better over the Holidays!

  7. Wagon Wheel What are bacteria and how are they different from other organisms?

  8. Wagon Wheel Why are most bacteria unable to live in our bodies?

  9. Wagon Wheel Where do beneficial bacteria live in our bodies?

  10. Wagon Wheel What are some examples of how we use bacteria for commercial purposes?

  11. Wagon Wheel Why do you think better hygiene led to a decrease in child mortality?

  12. Wagon Wheel What kinds of niches do you think bacteria might occupy in the ecosystem?

  13. Wagon Wheel Why do you think bacteria are so successful at living almost anywhere on earth?

  14. Wagon Wheel What are some ways your body prevents against bacterial infection?

  15. Wagon Wheel Biologists can now manipulate the genetic code of many bacteria, engineering them to perform tasks they might not otherwise be able to do; what are some useful purposes for theses “designer” bacteria?

  16. Bacteria Collection! • Work in a group of 3. • Use a wax pencil to create 3 separate sections on the bottom of your agar plate. • Label the area of contamination • Include your class period & initials • Swipe your Q-tip and smear over your agar plate. • Open the agar plate only when you have your sample ready. • Tape the top lid to the bottom.

  17. Prokaryotic Characteristics • Ecology & Classification • Cell wall • Size & Shape • Structure • Reproduction & Conjugations • Mutations & Antibiotics • Metabolism • Survival

  18. I. Ecology of Bacteria • Nutrient Cycling • Decomposers: return nutrients to environment • Nitrogen fixation • Normal Flora • Harmless bacteria living in & on you • Foods & Medicine • Disease Causing Bacteria

  19. Bell Work You collected bacteria on Friday, what are ideal growing conditions for the bacteria you collected? BRING BOOKS TODAY!

  20. Objectives • Explain how the two groups of prokaryotes differ. • Describe how prokaryotes vary in structure and function. • Explain the role of bacteria in the living world.

  21. Infectious Agents • Pathogen- any substance that is able to cause disease in an individual. • Bacteria: prokaryote microorganism that causes tuberculosis, pneumonia, strep throat, and staph infections • Viruses: non-living infectious agent that causes flu, HIV/AIDS, herpes, chicken pox, and measles * Other infectious agents: fungus, protists and worms.

  22. I. Prokaryote Classification • Once classified into Kingdom Monera • Lack of nucleus & membrane- bound organelles • Now divided into two domains: • Domain Archaea • Domain Bacteria (most common/affect humans)

  23. a. Domain Archaea • Live in extreme environments (called extremophiles)

  24. b. Domain Bacteria • Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria) • Found everywhere except in extreme environments • Have strong cell walls w/ peptidoglycan (sugars & amino acids)

  25. Corynebacterium acne Clostridium botulinum Diplococcus pneumoniae Clostridium tetani

  26. Bacteria & Archaea Differences Similarities Differences • Size • Prokaryotes • Have cell walls • Different cell wall components • Bacteria have peptidoglycan • Archaea lack peptidoglycan • Different lipids in cell membrane • Different proteins & nucleic acid

  27. II. Cell Walls (AKA Capsule) • Determines the bacteria’s shape • All bacterial cells have cell walls • Eubacteria- have peptidoglycan • Archae- lack peptidoglycan; different lipids • Dies added to bacteria to identify two types: • w/ outer layer of lipid • w/o outer layer of lipid Technique = Gram Stain

  28. Gram Stain • Large amount of peptidoglycan= dark purple • Called gram positive • W/ a lipid layer; less peptidoglycan= light pink • Called gram negative Gram Positive Gram Negative

  29. Why does it matter? Gram negative bacteria are protected against most antibiotics & chemicals by their outer cell wall. Only certain antibiotics can work against them.

  30. Bell Work What is the difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria? Which one would you rather be infected by (you can’t tell me neither)?

  31. III. Shape

  32. Arrangements of Cocci

  33. Arrangements of Bacilli

  34. Arrangements of Spirilli

  35. Check Your Understanding!!

  36. Gram positive Staphylococci

  37. Gram negative Staphylobacilli or diplobacilli

  38. Gram positive Streptobacilli

  39. Gram positive Staphylobacilli

  40. Gram negative Diplococci or Coccus

  41. Gram negative Spirili

  42. Gram positive Staphlococci

  43. IV. Size • 1-10 micrometers long, .7-1.5 micrometers wide • Favorable surface area-to-volume ratio • Nutrients & other substances can diffuse to all parts of the cell easily 1 micrometer= 1,000,000 of a meter

  44. 3-2-1 Exit Slip • What are 3 things you learned about bacteria classification and structure? • What are 2 things you found interesting? • What is 1 question you still have?

  45. Bacteria “Wanted Poster” • You will research one bacterial pathogen and produce a “wanted poster” • You must follow the given parameters for the project (use your rubric).

  46. IV. Prokaryote Structure • Microscopic • Unicellular • Organelles • No Nucleus or nuclear membrane • Contains circular DNA- nucleoid • Has cytoplasm, cell membrane & cell wall • Has ribosomes • No mitochondria or chloroplasts

  47. Chromosomes • Genes are found on a large, circular chromosome in the area called the nucleoid • Many prokaryotes also have a smaller piece of DNA called a plasmid

  48. Capsule • Complex sugar layer around cell wall • Capsule Function: • Prevents cell from drying out • Helps cell attach to surfaces • Shelters cell from WBCs & antibiotics Capsule Cell Wall Cytoplasmic Membrane

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