Understanding Matter: Phases, Properties, and Differences in Physical Science

1. Bell Work • What is the difference between a chemical and a physical property? • Name 3 examples of each.

2. Physical Science – Lecture 54 States of Matter

3. Mass • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.

4. Volume • The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by that object.

5. Matter • Matter is everything around you. • Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. • Matter is anything that has a mass. • Matter is anything that takes up space.

6. Phases/States of Matter • Solids • Liquids • Gases • Plasma

7. How do you Tell Them Apart? • Differences in the physical state of molecules and atoms.

8. Matter’s Existence • Matter can exist in three main phases/states on Earth. • What are they?

9. Solids • A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

10. Solids • Solids are not easily compressed. • Compression means that their molecules are pushed closer together. • It refers to taking a substance and forcing it into a smaller space.

11. Why can’t they be compressed? • Particles are packed tightly together and often arranged in an orderly fashion.

12. Crystals • If atoms in a solid are arranged in a regular repeating pattern it is called a crystal lattice. • A crystal lattice is a very exact organization of atoms.

13. Solids • Solids are usually hard because their molecules have been packed together. • The closer your molecules are, the harder you are.

14. Solids • Solids also can hold their own shape. • In the same way that a solid holds its shape, the atoms inside of a solid are not allowed to move around too much.

15. Liquids • A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

16. Liquids • Liquids are an in-between state of matter. They can be found in between the solid and gas states.

17. Liquids • Liquids are not easily compressed.

18. Liquids • Particles in a liquid are free to flow from one location to another. • Atoms and molecules in liquids are bouncing and floating around, free to move where they want.

19. Liquids • Particles in a liquid are close in contact with one another, but the arrangement is not rigid or orderly (no crystal structure).

20. Liquids • A force called cohesion keeps liquids together. • It makes the molecules in a liquid attract one another.

21. Gases • A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

22. Gases • Gases can expand to fill any volume.

23. Gases • Gases are random groups of atoms.

24. Gases • Gases are really spread out and the atoms and molecules are full of energy. They are bouncing around constantly.

25. Gases • Gases can fill a container of any size or shape. That is one of their physical characteristics. • However, the atoms and molecules are spread equally throughout the entire space they occupy.

26. Gases • Gases hold huge amounts of energy. • Gases bounce everywhere and they try to spread themselves out.

27. Gases • Particles are usually much further apart. • Because of this, gases are easily compressed into smaller volumes. • With very little pressure, when compared to liquids and solids, their molecules can be compressed. • Compression of gases is very easy.

28. Compressibility

29. Vapors • Vapors have no define shape or volume. • They are substances that are not usually gaseous at room temperature. • They are liquid or solid at room temperature. • Vapors have the same properties as gases.

30. Vapors • Vapors are not the same as gases. • The term gases is reserved for substances that are usually gaseous at room temperature. • The term vapors is reserved for substances that are liquid or solid at room temperature. • However, vapors have the same properties as gases.