Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech Ms. Bohac English Period 5 October 14, 2010 By: Alexandra Navarro And Mary (Squeeze) Doggett

2. Nouns • What are Nouns? • A noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing, or idea

3. Can you guys be more specific? • Heck yeah we can! • There are common nouns and proper nouns!

4. Common Nouns? • Yes! Common nouns! A common noun names any one group of persons, places, things, or ideas and is generally not capitalized • Examples include: • scientist, school, day

5. What about proper nouns? A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea and is capitalized. For example: • Marie Curie, West Valley (NOT Hemet High), Friday

6. Is that all? • Psh! No! • There are also: • Concrete Nouns – nouns that name a person, place, or thing that can be perceived by one or more of the senses • Ex: cloud, poison ivy, thunder, Alexandra Or • Abstract Nouns – nouns that name an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic • Ex: freedom, well-being, beauty, kindness, Buddhism

7. Pronouns • What are pronouns? • A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. The word or group of words a pronoun replaces is called an anecdote

8. What types of pronouns are there? • There are personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns

9. A personal pronoun is? • A personal pronoun can be first, second, or third person. • First person – I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours • Second person – you, your, yours • Third person – he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs • Ex: We went to the park. She is going to my house.

10. Demonstrative pronouns • A demonstrative pronoun is used to point out a specific person, place, thing, or idea This that these those • Ex: • That is his favorite color. • The tacos I made taste better than those.

11. What about interrogative pronouns? • An interrogative pronoun introduces a question. who whom which what those • Ex: • Which of the songs is your favorite? • What is your parakeet’s name?

12. Adjectives • What are adjectives? • An adjective is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun • Ask the questions: • What kind? Ex: gray skies • Which one? Ex: either way • How many? Ex: five fingers

13. Demonstrative adjectives • When the words this, these, and those modify nouns or pronouns, they are called demonstrative adjectives. If they take the place of nouns or pronouns, they are demonstrative pronouns

14. There are differences between pronouns and adjectives

15. Articles • Did you know that the most frequently used adjectives are a, an, and the? These are called articles. A and an are called indefinitearticles because they refer to any member of a general group • Ex: A girl won. • Ex: An elephant escaped.

16. Verbs • A verb is a word that is used to express action or a state of being. • There are: • Main verbs and helping verbs and • Action verbs or linking verbs

17. Main verbs and helping verbs • A verb phrase has at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs. A helping verb helps the main verb express action or a state of being. • Can, do, has, might, should, could, does, have, must, will, did, had, may, shall, and would are all helping verbs • Ex: She is leaving.

18. Action verbs and linking verbs • An action verb expresses either physical or mental action

19. A linking verb connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject. The most commonly used linking verbs are forms of the verb be Be, being, am, is, shall be, will be, has been, have been, should be, would be, can be, could be, appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, and turn are all linking verbs.

20. Adverbs • An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • They tell where, when, how, or to what extent. • They usually end in –ly, but not always!

21. Adverbs modifying verbs • *Adverbs may come before or after the verbs they modify. Sometimes adverbs interrupt the parts of a verb phrase.* • Ex: • We lived there. (Where did we live? There.) • We’ll see you later. (When will we see you? Later.) • She quickly agreed. (How did she agree? Quickly.) • He hardly moved. (To what extent did he move? Hardly.)

22. Adverbs modifying adjectives • Ex: • Beth did an exceptionally fine job. (The noun is job and fine is an adjective that describes it. Exceptionally modifies that adjective. • Slightly cooler temperatures are forecast. (The noun is temperature and cooler describes it. Slightly modifies that adjective.

23. Adverbs modifying other adverbs • Ex: • Calvin was almost never there. (The adverb almost modifies the adverb never, telling to what extent.) • We’ll meet shortlyafterward. (The adverb shortly modifies the adverb afterward, telling to what extent.)

24. Prepositions • A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word. • Ex: The Saint Bernard slept near my bed. • Ex: Everything about the beach was wonderful.

25. Commonly used prepositions • Aboard about above across after against along amid among around as at before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by concerning down during except for from in inside into like near off on onto out outside over past since through throughout till to toward under underneath until up upon with within without These words can also be classified as adverbs! Ask whether the word relates to a noun or a pronoun to another word. If they do, then it’s a preposition

26. Examples • Prepositions • Welcome aboard our boat. • The paper fell behind the cabinet. Adverbs • Welcome aboard. • The runner fell behind.

27. Compound Prepositions • Prepositions that consists of two or more words are compound prepositions. • According to, as of, aside from, because of, by means of, in addition to, in front of, in place of, in spite of, instead of, next to, on account of, out of, prior to • Examples • The bread is delicious according to Nancy. • She had practice in addition to homework.

28. Conjunctions • A conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups • A coordinating conjunction joins words or word groups that are used in the same way • A correlative conjunction are pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way

29. Coordinating Conjunctions • ForAndNorButOrYetSo • Examples • On land or at sea • Judy wrote the number down, but she lost it • Streets and sidewalks

30. Correlative Conjunctions • Examples • Both Jim and Rebecca were outstanding athletes. • We want to go not only to Ontario but also to San Diego. • Either we will buy it now or we will bait for the next sale. • Neither Mark Twain nor James Joyce won the Nobel Prize in literature. • We should decide whether to stay or to go. • Both… and • Either… or • Whether… or • Not only… but also • Neither… nor

31. Interjections! • An interjection is a word that expresses emotion. It has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. *They can be represented by an exclamation mark or a comma if the feeling isn’t as strong*

32. Emotions can be represented by… • Happy – Hooray! • Sad – Aww! • Frightened – Eeek! • Mad – Rats! • Excited – Wow! • Glad – Hey!