Vapor Pressure Colligative Properties

Jul 26, 2012

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Vapor Pressure Colligative Properties

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1. Vapor PressureColligative Properties

2. 2 Raoult�s Law Psoln = ?solventP?solvent Psoln = vapor pressure of the solution ?solvent = mole fraction of the solvent P?solvent = vapor pressure of the pure solvent

Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Consider three beakers: 50.0 g of ice 50.0 g of ice + 0.15 moles NaCl 50.0 g of ice + 0.15 moles sugar (sucrose) What will the temperature of each beaker be? Beaker 1: Beaker 2: Beaker 3:. Colligative Properties.

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Colligative Properties

occurs when neutral combinations of particles separate into ions while in aqueous solution.. sodium chloride. sodium hydroxide. hydrochloric acid. sulfuric acid. acetic acid. Dissociation. In general, acids yield hydrogen ions. in aqueous solution; bases yield hydroxide ions.. Na

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Ch 12. What is a colligative property?. Only apply to solutions (solvent and a solute) Colligative Property: A property that depends only upon the solute concentration and not on the solute’s identity. Four Important Colligative Properties of Solutions.

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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. the 4 physical effects solutes can have on solutions. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES- the physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number of particles and not the identification of dissolved solutes. 1. BOILING POINT ELEVATION.

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Colligative Properties:

Colligative Properties:. Properties which are affected by the number of particles present in solution . Lowering the Vapor Pressure (VP). Addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solution will decrease the vapor pressure of the solution.

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Practical uses of solutions. Units of Concentration. Whatever units you use, the goal is the same: specify the quantity of 1 component (the solute s ) relative to the quantity of another component (the solvent). Common Units. % by mass % by volume Mole %

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Properties that depend only on the # solute particles in soln not the nature of the solute particles. Three Colligative properties affect solutions: . Vapor Pressure Depression: .

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties properties that depend only on the number of solute particles, not on the nature of the particles. Vapor pressure Freezing point depression Boiling point elevation Osmotic pressure.

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Honors Chemistry Unit 8 Chapter 15. Colligative Properties. These are the effects that a solute has on a solvent. When water has something dissolved in it, its physical properties change.

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties. Properties where how much solute dissolved matters not what is being dissolved. Ex: Osmosis. Colligative Properties. Boiling Point Elevation Ex: coolant/ethylene glycol Lowers the boiling point of water Boiling point elevation ∆T = k b m.

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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. Elevation of Boiling Point Depression of Freezing Point Lowering of Vapor Pressure Osmotic Pressure. MOLE FRACTION & MOLALITY. MOLE FRACTION OF Component i = X i = n i / n total (c.f Gases; Chapter 5, p.217)

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Chapter 14. Review. Freezing Point Temperatures and Boiling Point Temperatures are constant for pure samples of the same material (chemical) But… can be altered by mixing or adding another chemical Adding impurities. Boiling Point Elevation.

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties of Solutions. Colligative properties of a solution depend only on the concentration of solute particles, and not on the nature of the solute. Non-colligative properties: color, odor, viscosity, toxicity, reactivity, etc.

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties. ____________ – physical properties of solutions that are affected only by the number of particles NOT the identity of the solute They include: __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties . Learning Target: What are the four colligative properties of solutions? Determine the boiling point elevation and freezing point depression of a solution. Main Idea. Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution.

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties. _______________ – physical properties of solutions that are affected only by the number of particles NOT the identity of the solute They include: Vapor Pressure _______________ Boiling Point _______________ Freezing Point _______________

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Goal 1: Get in the way Goal 2: Create Disorder. When quantity not quality is the only thing that matters. What are Colligative Properties?. Properties that depend on the amount of nonvolatile particles in the solution. Nonvolatile  not easily evaporated

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties…. Are properties that depend on the number of dissolved particles only. The type of dissolved particles does not matter. Freezing Point. The temperature at which a solution freezes from a liquid to a solid

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Can a solute change the properties of a solvent when added together to create a solution?. c onsider aqueous solutions s olvent = water How do properties of aqueous solution compare to properties of pure water?. Conductivity. pure water does not conduct electricity

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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. - Depends on the collective effect of the number of solute particles but not on the nature of the solute. 1. Boiling point elevation T b = k b m 2. Freezing point depression T f = -k f m 3. Vapor pressure lowering Raoult’s law P a = c A Pº A

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Colligative Properties

Colligative Properties. Colligative Properties. The properties of solvent that depend ONLY on the amount of solute added to it NOT depend on the identity of solute. Colligative Properties . VAPOR PRESSURE BOILING POINT FREEZING POINT OSMOTIC PRESSURE.

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