An – Najah National University Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Department

1. An – Najah National University Faculty of Engineering Civil Engineering Department Supervised by: Dr.SamiHijjawi Project Group Members: Mohammad Farouq Omar M. Abu-Eisheh Mohammad M. Abu-Eisheh

2. Using Dead Sea WaterAs Soil Improvement Agent

3. Introduction :::::

4. Outlining the presentation : • 1) Graduation project life. • 2) Evaluating the whole test results . • 3) Analysis and Discussion of the results. • 4) The conclusion. • 5) Recommendations.

5. Graduation project life • The project went through three stages::: • Brought dead see water. • Collected the samples. • carried out the tests on the samples .

6. Brought dead see water

7. Collected the samples • First::Clay (2 samples) • A) Tunes Street clay

8. B) Al Ataa’ Commercial Mall clay

9. Second::Base course (1 sample) *BeitEba base course

10. Third::Selected fill (1 sample)Al Ata’a Commercial Complex selected fill

11. In our graduation project, we carried out these tests : • 1) Sieve Analysis (soil classification). • 2) Atterberg Limit Test (Plasticity index). • 3) Proctor Compaction Test (maximum dry density and optimum moister content • 4) California Bearing Ratio (CBR value). • 5) PH meter test (To measure PH for the soil) • 6) Chemical Analysis for Dead Sea Water (To determine Cl-, No3 - , Na+, K+ and T.D.S concentrations )

12. Evaluating the whole test results :

13. Sieve analysis

17. Atterberg Limits results

19. Proctor Test

24. CBR (California Bearing Ratio)

29. PH test

31. Analysis and Discussion of resultsSieve Analysis: • Base course: • The classification of the base course changes from (A-1-a) to (A-2-4) when we add 4% D.S.W, and we still have the same classification when we add more percentage of D.S.W. • Selected fill: • Same as base course. • Al-Ataa’ clay: • The classification does not change when we add D.S.W.

32. Atterberg Limits: • Base course:

33. Selected fill :

34. Tunis Street clay :

35. Al –Ataa’ clay:

36. Proctor test : • Base course: • Selected fill: • Al-Ataa’ clay:

37. Tunis Street clay:

38. California Bearing: • For all samples

39. PH test: • For all samples :

40. The conclusion : • In general, using Dead Sea water causes: • For sieve analysis test we do not see any effective change in soil classification, and we notice an increase in PH for base course and selected fill. • For base course we notice an increase in plasticity index when adding D.S.W. while for selected fill plasticity index will decrease after we add 6% D.S.W, and for clay it will decrease by adding additional amount of D.S.W. depending on clay substances. • Maximum dry density for base course increases by adding D.S.W, while for selected fill it is not affected, and for clay it will increase by adding D.S.W. depending on clay substances. • California Bearing Ratio (CBR) increased for all samples.

41. Recommendations:: • Based on the above discussion we recommend using D.S.W. for pavement purposes, since the addition of D.S.W improves the strength quality of pavement layers. • Moreover we recommend to further study and evaluate the facts obtained in this project.

42. Thank You For Listening