Geography

1. Geography

2. Year 9 -10 Geography COURSE CONTENTS Key Concepts Maps YEAR 9 Movement Tectonic Plates Migration

3. Assessment Class Notes 40%* End of term test 20%* Class assessment tasks 40% * The tests in this subject are �open book� which means that you can use your class notes during the tests. So your class notes need to be neat, readable and up to date. If you miss a class you need to get notes from another student.

5. What is Geography? Geography is the study of where geographical features are located and why they are there, and what makes one place different from another, and how and why these differences matter. It looks at the interaction between human activities and natural processes, and develops understanding of the distribution of human and natural phenomena on or near the surface of the Earth from a spatial perspective.

6. What is geography? Geo= Earth Graphy= description/study SO Geography literally means �earth description� or �earth study�. Thus everything in our world can be studied under the heading of geography. Humanity lives geographically.

7. Spatial concepts spatial concepts: in geography we concentrate on developing the following organising concepts: location scale distance distribution region spatial change over time movement spatial association spatial interaction

8. Spatial concepts Spatial concepts are the organising concepts common to all branches of geography. Although there are many organising concepts, there are nine commonly recognised concepts: LSDDRCAIM

9. Location Location refers to where natural and built phenomena are found on the surface of the Earth. In Geography we talk about Absolute and Relative location. Absolute Location A place has an absolute location measured accurately by co-ordinates. Relative Location A relative location measured by distance and direction from one place to another.

10. Scale We use the term scale in two different ways. 1. The map scale shows the relationship between measurements on a map and the actual measurements on the ground. Map scales are expressed in words, by a line scale, or as a representative fraction. A large scale map covers a small area with detail; a small scale map will cover a larger area with less detail.

11. Scale 2. The observational scale refers to the size of an area being studied. A range of scales includes the following: Local scale involves the smallest area and is immediate to wherever the study is taking place. Fieldwork is conducted at the local scale. Regional scale covers a larger area than the local scale. The study of the Murray-Darling Basin is at a regional scale. National scale focuses study on a nation. For example, the Australian government�s response to a global phenomena. International scale considers two or more nations. The combined efforts of African nations would be an example. Global scale considers a significant proportion of the Earth. For example, the distribution of feature film production.

12. Distance Distance refers to the space between different locations on Earth. Linear Distance The absolute or linear distance is measured in units such as metres and kilometres. Relative Distance The relative distance is the length of time it takes to travel from one location to another, cost involved and the convenience of the journey.

13. Distribution Distribution refers to the arrangement of things at or near the Earth�s surface viewed at a range of scales. Distribution is described in lots of different ways. Common terms include: sparse, dense, random, ordered, clusters, linear, radial, and or similar words.

14. Region A region is a definable area of the Earth�s surface which contains one or more common characteristics that distinguish it from other areas. Regions are different for different groups of people. For example, Oakleigh South (local), Gippsland (regional), Australia (national), Sub Saharan Africa (international).

15. Spatial change over time Spatial change over time refers to the degree to which an area has changed its geographic characteristics, features or patterns of use over a period of time. Change occurs at varying rates at different times and may be considered at different scales. For example, the redevelopment of the Melbourne docklands since the 1990s would look at distribution, spatial association between things, movement and spatial interaction.

16. Movement Movement is a concept we look at in geography it involves the change in location of one or more things across the Earth�s surface. When we look at movement we also take into account the direction, method, rate, nature and volume of change. Movement of people and animals is called migration. Movement of products and ideas is called diffusion.

17. Spatial association Spatial association refers the degree to which things are similarly arranged over space. Spatial association compares distribution patterns. A strong spatial association occurs where two distributions are similar. Weak association describes little similarity. No association occurs when two distributions are dissimilar.

18. Spatial interaction Spatial interaction describes the strengths of the relationships between phenomena and places in the environment, and the degree to which they influence or interact with each other over space. Over time, the impact of people on the environment changes and the environment in turn changes people.

19. Sustainability Sustainability is a concept that suggests that development can proceed as long as the rate of use of natural resources does not exceed the rate at which the resources can be replaced nor does it affect the quality of other aspects of the natural and human environment and so compromise the needs of future generations.

20. Geographic Questions Where? (and Where else?) Why there? (and not elsewhere?) What's this place like? How has it changed? What associations? How do humans interact with the environment? What are the consequences?

21. We can study almost anything on our planet from a geographic perspective.

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23. We can look at each of these things and study them geographically. We can look at where they are and why they are there, how they are distributed, how this distribution has changed over time and what caused the change. We can also look at whether or not any other things are associated with these features and how they are linked together and what happens if you make changes to the system.

24. We can also look at more specific topics from a geographic point of view. Madagascar Coca Cola Nemo Music Sport

25. Madagascar.... The movie?

26. Madagascar... The island?

27. What�s Wild about Madagascar!

28. What�s happening here?

29. Forest gone, the hills are next.

30. Deforestation in Bolivia

31. NEMO; WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY?

32. The Great Barrier Reef

33. What are these? Alien spaceships????

34. Where in the world are these creatures found?

35. Coca Cola

36. Who drinks it?

37. What are the key ingredients

38. And lots of Sugar!!!!

39. Cane or beet?

40. Who grows what?

41. Location 1) Location: the meaning of relative and absolute position on the earth's surface Sample terms: Latitude and longitude, site and situation, direction, distance, scale Skills: Map reading, identification Questions: Where is ____? Where is ____ relative to where I am?

42. 2) Place: the distinctive and distinguishing physical and human characteristics of locales Sample terms: Physical and cultural landscapes, sense of place Skills: Description, compare and contrast Questions: What does ____ look like? Why? How is it different from ____?

43. 3) Relationships within places: the development and consequences of human-environment relationships Sample terms: Ecosystems, natural resources, environmental pollution Skills: Evaluation, analysis Questions: What human-environment relationships are occurring? How do they affect the place and its inhabitants?

44. 4) Movement: patterns and change in human spatial interaction on the earth Sample terms: Migration, diffusion, globalization Skills: Explanation, prediction Questions: How has this spatial pattern developed? Will it continue to change? What does it mean for the places involved?

45. 5) Regions: how they form and change Sample terms: Formal vs. functional regions Skills: Synthesis, application Questions: How has this spatial pattern developed? Will it continue to change? What does it mean for the places involved?