'Permanent hardness' presentation slideshows

755 views • 53 slides

WATER SOFTENING

WATER SOFTENING. removal of hardness Hardness is?... How is Softening done?. primarily Ca, Mg, plus Fe, Mn, St, Al. Precipitation of Ca and Mg, or Ion exchange of Ca / Mg with ion such as Na. Why bother?. Hardness in 300-500 mg/l as CaCO 3 range considered excessive

3.53k views • 12 slides

Removing Hardness Part 2: Ion E xchange

Removing Hardness Part 2: Ion E xchange. Learning Objectives : Explain origins of temporary and permanent hardness Understand the chemistry of softening water Describe how ion exchange can be used to remove hardness from water. Water Hardness. Water is a good SOLVENT .

369 views • 6 slides