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CHROMIUM

CHROMIUM. By Z.Lookzadeh. General principles of metal toxicology. Physical& chemical characteristics Occupational & environmental exposure Absorption, metabolism, excretion Health effect (acute, chronic) [sign, symptom, physical exam, libratory] Specific treatment Health surveillance

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CHROMIUM

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  1. CHROMIUM By Z.Lookzadeh

  2. General principles of metal toxicology • Physical& chemical characteristics • Occupational & environmental exposure • Absorption, metabolism, excretion • Health effect (acute, chronic) [sign, symptom, physical exam, libratory] • Specific treatment • Health surveillance • prevention

  3. Physical & chemical characteristics • Hard, brittle, gray metal • Corrosion resistance • Heat stabilizer • Pigment • ink, textile, paint

  4. Use Corrosion resistance and a shiny Alloys Stainless steels Pigments and preservatives in paints Electroplating Textile, Leather, Rubber, inks Radioisotope, Electrical Orthopedic device

  5. Occupational & environmental exposure 1-mine 2-painter 3-electroplating 4-Stain less steel welders 5-Cement worker 6-textile 7-glass making 8- lithography 9- Dietary intake

  6. Absorption, metabolism, excretion • Absorption • Inhalation (mist, dust, fume) • skin • Ingestion • metabolism • excretion • urine (nl:<5µg/g cr)

  7. Health effect • URT (irritant, itching, edema of uvula, coryza ,conjunctivial irritation, polyp, epistaxia , perforation) • ear & sinus (sinusitis, tympanic perforation) • lung (irritant, bronchitis, asthma, cancer ) • skin (ulcer, ACD, vesicle, exema) • renal (ARF,…) • GI

  8. Specific treatment • Acute inhalation injury • admission ,O2 , bronchodilator • ARF • fluid & electrolyte balance • Nasal & skin ulceration • CaNa2EDTA • Allergy • remove from exposure

  9. Health surveillance BASE: 1-HX 2-P/E 3-risk factors (asthma , smoke ,sensitivity) 4-CXR 5-PFT 6-LFT,CBC , Renal test ,U/A,BS,ESR

  10. Periodic test: Upper test in per year CXR & cytology after 10 year

  11. prevention • Substitution • CrIII for CrVI • Engineering control • Process enclosure • Local exhaust ventilation • Personal Protective Devices • Back ground exposure control: • smoking prohibited (in work place) • plus ferrous sulfate in cement

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