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The President

The President. Chapter 3 Section 2. Chief Executive. The president has many roles to play: Chief executive, military leader, legislative leader, diplomatic leader, and ceremonial leader. The constitution states that the president shall be “chief executive,” or head of government.

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The President

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  1. The President Chapter 3 Section 2

  2. Chief Executive • The president has many roles to play: Chief executive, military leader, legislative leader, diplomatic leader, and ceremonial leader. • The constitution states that the president shall be “chief executive,” or head of government. • In this capacity, the president directs the work of cabinet heads and supervises agencies that make up the executive branch.

  3. Some of the government agencies that directly assist the nation’s chief executive are: • The Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which prepares a spending plan each year for the government • The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which gathers information on foreign matters affecting national security • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which directs exploration in space. • Those officials who head the major departments of the federal government form a cabinet of advisors to the president.

  4. Military Leader: Commander in Chief • The president is the commander in chief of the armed forces. • Although a civilian, the president outranks every general and admiral.

  5. Legislative Leader • In the role of legislative leader, the president recommends new laws in an annual State of the Union Address. • Another legislative power is the president’s ability to call Congress into special session after it has adjourned for the year. • The president either signs or vetoes acts of Congress.

  6. Diplomatic Leader • Three things the Constitution gives the President power to do concerning being a diplomatic leader: • 1) Make treaties (with approval of 2/3 of the Senate) • 2) receive ambassadors from other countries (and thereby recognize those governments) • 3) nominate U.S. ambassadors to other countries (with approval of a majority of the Senate).

  7. Ceremonial Leader: Chief of State • In many nations, the chief of state (a ceremonial leader) is different from the chief executive (head of government). • In the United States, the president serves in both roles. • In the chief of state’s role, the president speaks for the nation when traveling abroad and at home tries to inspire the American people to honor traditions and live up to their ideals.

  8. Judicial Role • Two things that the president participates concerning the judicial process: • By granting a pardon (forgiveness for a federal crime) or a reprieve (delay in punishment). • When a vacancy occurs on the Supreme Court, the president nominates a new justice, submitting the choice to the Senate for its confirmation (approval).

  9. The Election Process • Every four years, on the second Tuesday in November, millions of eligible voters 18 years and older enter voting booths to elect a president and vice president. • Most of the delegates to a party’s convention are elected by the voters belonging to that party. Such pre-convention elections are known as primaries.

  10. The Fall Campaign • Following the conventions the campaign moves to the final stage. • Campaigning together, the presidential and vice presidential nominees of each party travel the nation seeking votes in the November election. • They also devote much time to appearing on television a medium that now plays a decisive role in the campaign process.

  11. The Electoral College • People who vote on election day may think that they are voting directly for a president and a vice president. • In fact, they are voting for a number of electors (either Republican electors or democratic electors) who are authorized by the Constitution to cast ballots for the president and vice president. • Electors are assigned to all 50 states according to the state’s population number. • Which ever candidate wins the popular vote of that state they receive all the electoral college votes of that state.

  12. Arguments against the Electoral College system

  13. Rules of Succession • Every nation must be concerned with the developing orderly procedures for replacing its chief executive if that person should fall seriously ill or die. • In the United States the rules of succession are spelled out in an act of Congress and two amendments to the Constitution. • A 1947 act of Congress states that the vice president shall automatically become president if the president dies. • It then lists those officials who become president if both the president and vice president died at the same time. • Next in line after the vice president is the Speaker of the House.

  14. Twenty-second Amendment • Adopted in 1951, the Twenty-second amendment provides that no person may serve more than two elected terms as president.

  15. Impeachment • The Constitution says that a president who commits “high crimes and misdemeanors” may be forced to leave office by a procedure known as impeachment.

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