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Urinary System: Kidneys, Nephrons, and Functions

Explore the intricate details of the urinary system, including kidney structure, nephron function, urine formation, and the essential roles of regulating water balance, waste removal, and hormone secretion.

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Urinary System: Kidneys, Nephrons, and Functions

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  1. Anatomy of the Urinary System Kidneys (urine formation) Lower Urinary Tract Ureters (2) Bladder (1) Urethra (1) (urine collection, storage, excretion)

  2. Cortex Glomeruli Medulla Renal tubules (with calyces forming the medulary pyramids) Ureter Takes urine to bladder Blood carried to the kidney by the renal artery and taken away by the renal vein. Cortex Medulla Renal hilum Renal artery Renal vein Renal pelvis Ureter

  3. Each KIDNEY consists of 1 million NEPHRONS Each nephron consists of a: • GLOMERULUS (found in cortex) forms a protein-free filtrate from blood • TUBULE (found in medulla) processes the filtrate to form urine Each TUBULE consists of several segments: Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tubule Collecting Ducts

  4. Functional Unit of the Kidney is the NEPHRON Glomerulus Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Tubule Collecting Duct

  5. Kidney Functions • Regulation of water, electrolyte balance, pH • Removal of waste from blood and excretion of urine • Secretion of hormones: • Erythropoietin (EPO) • Renin • Vitamin D3

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