Analysis and Visualization of Tongue Surface Alignment

1. Figure 1. Illustration of Image Alignment R2 R1 R3 Figure 1. Illustration of image alignment. (a) Illustration of the “Pitch Error”. (b) Illustration of the positions of reference points R1, R2 and R3. (c) Midsagittal view of tongue surface before and after alignment adjustment. Dotted line represents the tongue surface before the rotation adjustment, solid line represents the tongue surface after the rotation adjustment, star points represent the reference landmarks before the adjustment, left triangles represent the reference landmarks before the adjustment, and solid circle represents the center of the reference circle.

2. Figure 2. Two Steps for Placing the Fleshpoints in the X-Y Plane Figure2. Two steps for placing the fleshpoints in the X-Y Plane. (a) Step 1, the fleshpoints are uniformly spaced from left to right in every coronal slice. (b) Step 2, the fleshpoints are repositioned according to an “equal-curve length” criterion along each of the five rostral-caudal tongue surface curves.

3. Figure 3. Core Consistency Diagnostic Figure 3. Core consistency diagnostic. (a) Test results of 2DCartesian coordinates analysis. (b) Test results of 3D Cartesian coordinates analysis. (Different circles represent the results of PARAFAC analysis beginning with different start points.)

4. Figure 4. Factors of 2D Cartesian Analysis Figure 4. Factors of 2D Cartesian Analysis. (a) Shape factors. (b) Vowel loading space. (c) Speaker loading space.

5. Figure 5. Shape Factors of Two-Factor 3D Cartesian Analysis Figure 6. Shape Factors of3D Cartesian Analysis. (a) Shape factor 1. (b) Shape factor 2.

6. Figure 6. Vowel and Speaker Spaces of Two-Factor 3D Cartesian Analysis Figure 8. Vowel and Speaker Spaces of 3D Cartesian Analysis. (a) Vowel loading space of 3D Cartesian analysis. (b) Speaker loading space of 3D Cartesian analysis.