1 / 12

Point of Use Coagulation and Flocculation

Point of Use Coagulation and Flocculation. Turbidity Terminators: Morgan Rog Shubha Bhar Melanie Tan Lindsay Ellis. Comparing Chemical Coagulants. Alternative Coagulants: Plants. Study done by Kenneth Yongabi, Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria

sawyer
Download Presentation

Point of Use Coagulation and Flocculation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Point of Use Coagulation and Flocculation Turbidity Terminators: Morgan Rog Shubha Bhar Melanie Tan Lindsay Ellis

  2. Comparing Chemical Coagulants

  3. Alternative Coagulants: Plants Study done by Kenneth Yongabi, Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria Medicinal plants could have coagulative properties • Experiment: • Samples from each plant were dried, ground and stored • Alum was added to each sample • Coagulation mixtures added to turbid water samples • Alum was used as a control • The samples sat for 24 hours • Coagulative effect and bacterial counts were recorded • Extracts were tested for E. coli as a fecal contamination indicator

  4. Jatropha Curcas • Common plant found in western and southern Africa • Roots and leaves highly medicinal • Seeds dried and ground up to determine coagulative properties • Results: • Coagulated 60-80% of particles • Decrease bacterial counts • Less effective than Moringa, but still more effective than Alum

  5. Hibiscus subdariffa • Plant cultivated in Northern Nigeria • Contains red calyx extract dried and tested for coagulation • Results: • Effective coagulation • Effective disinfectant • Reduced E. coli and coliform bacterial counts better than Alum • Leaves water tinted red

  6. Pleurotus tuberregium • Grown in Cameroon and parts of Nigeria • Mushrooms have medicinal value • Results: • Least effective coagulant • No antimicrobial properties • Still just as effective as Alum

  7. Moringa oleifera • Originally from India, found in tropics in Asia, S. America, and Africa • Tough plant, easy to grow and cultivate • Drumstick, use dried seeds from pods • One tree cleans enough water for 5-6 people • Also contains pterygospermin, antibacterial • Results: • Coagulated 90% of particles • Much better than treatment with just alum • Antimicrobial properties • Bacterial counts reduced from “Too Numerous to count” to 2700 CFU

  8. Preparation of Moringa Oleifera • Process: • dry and crush seeds • make into a paste • filter • add paste to turbid water • stir fast for ½ minute • stir slowly 5 minutes • settle 1 hour Dosage Demand: < 50 NTU 10-50 mg/L 50-150 NTU 30-100 mg/L >150 NTU 50-200 mg/L

  9. Pros and Cons of Moringa Oleifera • Advantages: • Cheap, readily available • doesn’t alter pH, pH independent • doesn’t change taste • biodegradable sludge • Disadvantages • still needs to be disinfected • possibility of recontamination, no residual • needs to be fresh

  10. POU Coagulation & Flocculation in Guatemala The Experiment, by Proctor and Gamble • Households assigned home flocculation-disinfection system • 4 controls using flocculation disinfectant and bleach • Stir water 30 seconds quickly, stir 5 minutes slow, let sit ½ hour, filter • diarrhea 2nd highest cause of death • water generally kept in open containers • use bleach to treat water

  11. Effectiveness of Proctor and Gamble Experiment • How it Works: • Cheap flocculation disinfectant contained: ferricsulfate, bentonite, sodium carbonate, chitosan, polyacrylamide,potassium permanganate, and calcium hypochlorite • causes clumps to form and settle with stirring • chlorine residual 3.5 mg/L • Results: • Flocculation-disinfection (top) reduced diarrhea by 24% • Flocculation-disinfection with special container reduced diarrhea by 30%

  12. Helpful Websites http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02309.x/pdf http://murungaexports.ebigchina.com/sdp/181012/4/cp-1011556.html http://www.treesforlife.org/project/moringa/uses/uses_water_lgscale_article.en.asp http://www.biotech.kth.se/iobb/news/kenneth04.doc http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/69/4/411

More Related