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Blood: Components, Functions, and Cell Types

Learn about the composition of blood, including plasma and cellular content, histological appearance of blood cells, and their basic functions. Explore the normal percentage of blood cells in plasma and the role of blood in maintaining homeostasis. Visit http://histoweb.up.ac.za for more information.

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Blood: Components, Functions, and Cell Types

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  1. Blood ANA152 Histology

  2. Blood • Plasma and cellular content • Histological appearance of these blood cells • Normal percentage blood cells in plasma • Basic function of blood cells • Website: http://histoweb.up.ac.za

  3. What is blood? • A fluid connective tissue which contains cells and an extracellular component (plasma) • Plasma: water, protein and dissolved substances • Cells:plasma = 1:2 (45% to 55%)

  4. Blood in the body • 6 liters • 7 – 8% of total body weight • Transportation to: oxygen • Transportation from: carbon dioxide • Transports cells of the immune system • Maintains homeostasis

  5. Blood cells • Erythrocytes • Red blood cells • Leukocytes • Granular white blood cells • Agranular white blood cells • Platelets

  6. Erythrocytes • 35 –50% of blood • 6.5 to 8 nm, avg. 7.5 nm. • 2.6 nm at the rim and .8 nm in the middle. • Biconcave discs shaped, no nuclei or cytoplasmic organelles • Hemoglobin • Lifespan – 120 days

  7. Leukocytes • Less than 1% of blood • Granular white blood cells • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils • Agranular white blood cells • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

  8. Neutrophils • 60 –70 % of circulating leukocytes • 6 – 7 hrs in blood, 1 – 4 days in connective tissue • Defense against invading microrganisms, ie. bacteria

  9. Inflammatory reactions • Neutrophils = migrate to the site of injury • Active phagocytes at site of inflammation • Pus • Monocytes = migrate to the site of injury (macrophages)

  10. Neutrophils - morphology • 2 - 4 lobed nucleus connected by chromatin and cytoplasmic granules • 12 – 15 nm • Small specific granules • Barr body – females • Drumstick appendage on one of the lobes

  11. Eosinophils • 2 – 4 % of circulating leukocytes • Immunologic responses • Increase in blood = parasitic infections and allergic reactions

  12. Morphology • Bi-lobed nucleus • 12 – 15 nm • Large granules, stained eosin, ~ 200 per cell

  13. Basophils • Less than 1 % of the circulating leukocytes • Nucleus is divided into irregular lobes • 12 – 15 nm • Inflammatory and allergic reactions

  14. Agranular WBC • Lymphocytes • B and T lymphocytes • Monocytes

  15. Lymphocytes • 20 – 40% of all WBC • Smallest WBC = 6 – 8 nm • Large, spherical nucleus with little cytoplasm • T and B lymphocytes • Life span from a few days to many years

  16. Monocytes • Monocyte-Macrophage • Inflammatory response • Lifespan = 12 – 100 hours

  17. Morphology • Largest WBC = 18 nm • Nucleus is oval, horse-shoe, or kidney shaped and slightly indented

  18. Platelets • 200,000 – 400,000 per 1 micro-litre of blood • 2 – 4 nm • Not true cells • 10 days - lifespan • Blood clotting

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