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Ancient Greece Chapter 7 Review. Geography. Mainland Greece is ________________ It is made of three ________________;two are smaller and joined together by an __________ to create a larger ________________.
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Geography • Mainland Greece is ________________ • It is made of three ________________;two are smaller and joined together by an __________ to create a larger ________________. • The __________ Sea is to the west of Greece, the _______________Sea is to the east, and the __________________ Sea to the south. • Although Greece’s soil is _________ and made it difficult to farm, they could grow some _________, and a lot of _____________ and _______________.
Geography • Mainland Greece is mountainous. • It is made of three peninsulas; two are smaller and joined together by an isthmus to create a larger peninsula. • The Ionian Sea is to the west of Greece, the Aegean Sea is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. • Although Greece’s soil is rocky and this made it difficult to farm, they could grow some wheat, and a lot of grapes and olives.
Minoans • The earliest Greeks were the _____________ who lived on the island of ___________. • The capital was _____________. • The Minoans were great ______and ________. • Either because of a massive ____________ or because of an ________________, the ____________ took over as the most important Greeks.
Minoans • The earliest Greeks were the Minoans who lived on the island of Crete. • The capital was Knossos. • The Minoans were great sailors and traders. • Either because of a massive earthquake or because of an invasion the Mycenaeans took over as the most important Greeks.
City-States • An ___________ or open marketplace was also the place of the government buildings. • Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be __________, __________, and _______________. • Regardless of your city-state, the soldiers were called______________ and fought in a ______________ formation. • The Greek name for city-state is ____________.
City-States • An agora or open marketplace was also the place of the government buildings. • Before Pericles, Athenian citizens had to be free, born in the city-state and own land. • Regardless of you city-state, the soldiers were called hoplites and fought in a phalanx formation. • The Greek name for city-state is polis.
Types of Government • A _____________ is led by a king or queen. • An ____________ is where a few people ( usually upper class) hold power over a larger group. • A ______________ is ruled by a ___________ who took over power by force ( usually with the support of the lower class) • A ____________ is where all citizens share power. • Sparta was an __________________, even though they had two ___________, • Athens was a ______________.
Types of Government • A monarchy is lead by a king or queen. • An oligarchy is where a few people ( usually upper class) hold power over a larger group. • A tyranny is ruled by a tyrant who took over power by force ( usually with the support of the lower class) • A democracy is where all citizens share power. • Sparta was an oligarchy, even though they had two kings. • Athens was a democracy.
Sparta • Spartan slaves, called _____________, did all the farming. • The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the Spartan had the biggest _________ to control the slaves. • Boys started training at age ________, became soldiers at ___________, and served until age ______. • Spartan girls participated in _____________ training and had more freedom than ___________ women. • The council of Spartan elders, or ___________, thought up the laws.
Sparta • Spartan slaves, called helots did all the farming. • The slaves out-numbered the soldiers, so the Spartan had the biggest army to control the slaves. • Boys started training at age 7 became soldiers at 18 and served until age 60. • Spartan girls participated in physical training and had more freedom than Athenian women. • The council of Spartan elders, or ephors thought up the laws.
Persian Wars • King ___________ of Persia wanted to punish the _______________ for helping the Ionians rebel. • The first fight, the _________ of ______________, was a victory for the Greeks. • The next Persian king, _________, came back _____years later to invade Greece with ___________ soldiers. • The Spartans led at the battle of ______________ in a narrow ____________ pass. Even though all __________ Spartans died, they gave the Greeks enough time to ______________.
Persian Wars • King Darius of Persia wanted to punish the Athenians for helping the Ionians rebel. • The first fight, the Battle of Marathon was a victory for the Greeks. • The next Persian king, Xerxes came back 10 years later to invade Greece with 300,000 soldiers. • The Spartans led at the battle of Thermopylae in a narrow mountain pass. Even though all 300 Spartans died, they gave the Greeks enough time to retreat.
Persian Wars • The Persians ___________ Athens. • At ____________, the Greeks used their faster, smaller __________to defeat the _____________. • The final battle at __________ was again led by the _______________. • The Persian Wars __________ the Greeks against a common enemy.
Persian Wars • The Persians burned Athens. • At Salamis the Greeks used their faster, smaller triremes to defeat the Persians • The final battle at Plataea was again led by the Spartans. • The Persian Wars united the Greeks against a common enemy.
Pericles/Golden Age • Athens formed the ___________ ___________ with other city-states as a defense against the Persians. • Sparta formed the ______________ _____________ • ________________ was elected General of Athens. • He rebuilt the ________________, strengthened ___________________, and made the _________ __________ to the sea. • Athens was still a ___________ democracy during Pericles’ time. • The ______________ _________ was a time of great invention and expansion of Athens
Pericles/Golden Age • Athens formed the Delian League with other city-states as a defense against the Persians. • Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League • Pericles was elected General of Athens. • He rebuilt the Parthenon strengthened democracy and made the long walls to the sea. • Athens was still a direct democracy during Pericles’s time. • The Golden Age was a time of great invention and expansion of Athens
Peloponnesian War • This war lasted __________ years and the two sides were headed by _________ and ____________. • The Pericles’ speech known as the ____________ _____________ gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting. • Athens retreated behind its __________ but a ____________ struck, killing 1/3 of the people including _____________. • Spartans made a deal with _________ for money to build ____________. • Sparta defeated _____________, but all of Greece was______________.
Peloponnesian War • This war lasted 27 years and the two sides were headed by Sparta and Athens. • The Pericles’ speech known as the FuneralOration gave the Athenians the courage to keep fighting. • Athens retreated behind its walls but a plague struck, killing 1/3 of the people including Pericles. • Spartans made a deal with Persia for money to build ships. • Sparta defeated Athens , but all of Greece was weakened.
