1 / 26

Blood Clotting

Blood Clotting. Serum + blood clot gel Fibrin traps formed elements Coagulation Thrombosis Embolus. Blood Clotting. Chemicals involved: Ca 2+ Inactive enzymes Molecules from platelets Molecules from damaged tissues Requires Vitamin K and Ca 2+ Uncontrolled bleeding. Blood Clotting.

sanforde
Download Presentation

Blood Clotting

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Blood Clotting • Serum + blood clot gel • Fibrin traps formed elements • Coagulation • Thrombosis • Embolus

  2. Blood Clotting • Chemicals involved: • Ca2+ • Inactive enzymes • Molecules from platelets • Molecules from damaged tissues • Requires Vitamin K and Ca2+ • Uncontrolled bleeding

  3. Blood Clotting • Formation of prothrombinase • Via 2 pathways • Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin by prothrombinase • Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin by thrombin

  4. Prothrombinase Formation • TF = thromboplastin (lipoproteins + phospholipids) • Clotting factor X = thrombokinase • Factor V = proaccelerin • Factor XII = Hagemen factor

  5. Thrombin Formation

  6. Fibrin Formation • Factor XIII = fibrin-stabilizing factor • (also in plasma + platelets)

  7. Positive Feedback of Thrombin • Accelerates prothrombinase formation (clotting factor V) • Activates platelets = reinforces aggregation

  8. Clot Retraction • “Shrinking” of a blood clot • Platelets pull on fibrin threads = contract vessel • Permanent repair of the blood vessel • Fibroblasts form CT in ruptured area • New endothelial cells repair vessel lining • Fibrinolytic mechanisms break down clot

  9. Quick assigned reading • Read “Homeostatic Control Mechanisms” page 679-680

  10. Blood Topics • Functions and Properties of Blood • Components of Blood • Blood Cell Formation • Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells • Platelets • Hemostasis • Blood Groups and Blood Transfusion

  11. Blood Groups • The ABO blood types and Rh system are based on antigen-antibody responses • 24 blood groups • 100 antigens

  12. Blood Groups • “Self-antigens” are located on RBC plasma membranes • Blood grouping based on presence/absence of self-antigens

  13. Blood Groups

  14. ABO Cross Matching Donor Recipient

  15. Rh Group • Rh+ = expression of Rh antigen • Rh- = no expression of Rh antigen • Most people are Rh+ • Most people do not have Anti-Rh antibodies. • If an Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood, they will produce Anti-Rh antibodies.

  16. Donations • Universal donor = O- • Universal receiver = AB+ • These terms are dangerous! • Cross-matching

  17. Blood Transfusion • Principles of Transfusion • Hemolysis occurs if recipient’s blood plasma antibodies interact with donor’s antigens

  18. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

  19. Key Terms • Agglutinins = antibodies • Agglutinogens = antigens • Incompatibility between them = aggluntination

  20. Review Questions • What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? • Rapidly transports nutrients, respiratory gases, regulatory substances, waste products, and cells within the body. • What are the main components of the cardiovascular system? • Blood, Heart, Blood Vessels • What are the main components of blood? • Plasma – mostly water • Formed elements – RBCs, WBCs, platelets

  21. Review Questions 4. Where are blood cells manufactured? • Red bone marrow 5. Name three kinds of hemopoietic growth factors. • Erythopoietin (EPO) • Thrombopoietin • Cytokines 6. What are the main functions of a RBC? • Transport oxygen bound to hemoglobin

  22. Review Questions 7. What is erythropoiesis? • Formation of RBC from pluripotent stem cells  myeloid stem cells 8. Which parts of hemoglobin are recycled and reused? • Amino acids  protein synthesis • Iron (Fe3+)  stored / used for new RBC formation 9. Which WBCs are agranular? • Lymphocytes and monocytes 10. Which WBC is normally the most prevalent? • Neutrophils

  23. Review Questions 11. List three platelet functions • Form platelet plug • Promote vascular spasm • Promote blood clotting (cascade) 12. What are the three steps of hemostasis? • Vascular spasm • Platelet plug formation • Blood clotting

  24. Review Questions 13. What are the three main steps of blood clotting? • Formation of prothrombinase • Conversion of prothrombin into thrombin by prothrombinase • Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin by thrombin 14. Which antigen(s) and antibody(s) are found in type A blood? • Antigen  A • Antibody  anti-B

More Related