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Understanding Genetic Symbols and Crosses: A Comprehensive Guide

Learn about essential genetic symbols, crosses, alleles, genes, mating, and inheritance patterns. Understand how to analyze progeny genotypes and phenotypes to make informed breeding decisions. Dive into linkage concepts and recognize the significance of self-crossing in breeding studies.

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Understanding Genetic Symbols and Crosses: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Symbols to Know for Crosses • a/a – a is the allele and / represents the two chromatids – there are two alleles for a diploid organism • a b/a b – two different genes on the same chromosome • a/a ; b/b – two different genes on different chromosomes ; designated separate chromosomes • X – symbolizes mating between two different individuals • X - symbolizes a self cross – when the hermaphrodite worms fertilize their own eggs • + is the wild type or non-mutant form of a gene

  2. Hermaphrodite Parent genotype dpy/dpy +/+ Male Parent genotype X Creating a heterozygous male Female gametes Male gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios Which progeny are you continuing with? Why?

  3. Linkage 1: Cross with Unlinked unc Hermaphrodite Parent genotype +/+ ; unc/unc Male Parent genotype X Female gametes Male gametes F1 Progeny genotype and ratios F1 Progeny phenotypes

  4. Linkage 2: Selfing of hermaphrodite from unlinked cross hermaphrodite self cross X gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios

  5. Linkage 1: Crossing with Linked unc Hermaphrodite Parent genotype Male Parent genotype + unc/+ unc X Female gametes Male gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios Which progeny are you continuing with? Why?

  6. Linkage 2: Selfing of hermaphrodite from linked cross hermaphrodite self cross X gametes Progeny genotype Progeny phenotypes and ratios

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