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Task-Driven Plasticity: One Step Forward with UbiDraw

Task-Driven Plasticity: One Step Forward with UbiDraw. Jean Vanderdonckt, Juan Manuel González Calleros Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Louvain School of Management (LSM) - Information Systems Unit (ISYS) Belgian Laboratory of Computer-Human Interaction (BCHI)

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Task-Driven Plasticity: One Step Forward with UbiDraw

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  1. Task-Driven Plasticity: One Step Forward with UbiDraw Jean Vanderdonckt, Juan Manuel González Calleros Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Louvain School of Management (LSM) - Information Systems Unit (ISYS) Belgian Laboratory of Computer-Human Interaction (BCHI) http://www.isys.ucl.ac.be/bchi 1 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  2. Outline • Introduction • Related Work • UbiDraw • Evaluation • Conclusion 2 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  3. Outline • Introduction • Related Work • UbiDraw • Evaluation • Conclusion 3 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  4. Motivation • Porting User Interfaces • Always has posed challenges • Adaptation to screen sizes • Introduction of alternative modalities 4 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  5. Motivation • Ubiquitous computing • The context in not anymore limited or known • The surrounding world becomes an interface to virtually any type of interactive system 5 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  6. Traditional solutions • Porting UIs has been solved by: • Techniques that do not affect the initial design • Simple Porting • zoom in/out • Advantages • consistency between the different versions • Drawbacks • Simple porting reduce the available screen real estate • zooming may induce many operations related to the zoom manipulation 6 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  7. Traditional solutions • Gathering functions that are related in principle to the same task. • Related functions can also presented in collapsible tool bars 7 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  8. Traditional solutions • Plastic User Interfaces • Concerns the capacity of a multi-context UI to preserve usability properties across the various contexts of use (User, Platform, Environment) • Technique that changed the UI design • Some reconfiguration of the UI is often needed. • reconfiguration of UI widgets (low level of abstraction) • Task Level (high level of abstraction) To investigate to what extent UI can be ”plastified” at a higher level of concern than the physical one 8 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  9. Solution proposed • UbiDraw • Vectorial hand drawing application that adapts its user interface. • displaying, undisplaying, resizing, and relocating tool bars and icons • according to the current user’s task, the task frequency, or the user’s preference for some task. • The context watcher sends this information to the ubiquitous widgets so as to support task-driven plasticity. • supports task-driven plasticity based on a small toolkit of task-driven plastic widgets, called UbiWidgets. • Usability evaluation • investigates the effect of using UbiWidgets on the user preference by conducting some usability testing. 9 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  10. Outline • Introduction • Related Work • UbiDraw • Evaluation • Conclusion 10 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  11. Multiplicity of contexts of use • Context of use = (User, Platform, Environment) 11 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  12. Platform S Environment S Platform T Environment T Reflexion Reification Abstraction Translation Cameleon Reference Framework S=Source context of use T=Target context of use User S User T Task and Domain S Task and Domain T UsiXML supported model Abstract user Interface S Abstract user Interface T UsiXML unsupported model Concrete user Interface S Concrete user Interface T Final user Interface S Final user Interface T 12 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  13. Related Work • software probe allows deploying interactive systems that constantly probe the context of use for a significant change and that reflect such a change into a UI adaptation. [Calvary, Coutaz and Thevenin 2001] [Jabarin and Graham 2003] 13 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  14. Related Work • The implementation is independent of the underlying computing platform and that offers multiple representations of concrete UIs for the same description. [Schneider et al. 2002] 14 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  15. Related Work • A toolkit of context-aware widgets that embed plasticity: in this toolkit, widgets have been abstracted with respect to the underlying physical environment so as to form platform-independent widgets. These widgets can also change their interaction modality. [Crease et al. 2000] 15 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  16. Related Work • Comets propagates interaction needs from the final UI to the task and domain level through concrete and abstract UIs via a set of logical mappings. [Demeure et al. 2000] 16 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  17. Our Work • It drives the plasticity mechanism from a task model located at the task & domain level. A change of the context of use is firstly interpreted in terms of a task variation that is then reflected into the Concrete UI level and Final UI level, respectively. 17 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  18. Outline • Introduction • State of the Art • UbiDraw • Evaluation • Conclusion 18 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  19. UbiDraw • Develop in a multi-platform environment (Mozart) • Using a multi-paradigm language (Qtk based on Oz programming) • Functionalities are group by similarities in tool bars: • File • Draw • Options • Retouch • Every toolbar can be displayed at different locations depending on screen size and resolution of the application running on a particular platform 19 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  20. UbiDraw • Each group may be displayed in three different ways according with its status Hidden Vertical Horizontal 20 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  21. UbiDraw • To determine the size of a non-hidden toolbar and how many icons should be displayed • the last icon being clicked, • the rank representing the users’ preference/need for this icon, and • the amount of clicks on this icon. • The higher the priority of an icon is, the more likely it will be displayed 21 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  22. Software Architecture • The process of plasticity is located at the UI control component: the plasticity is regulated at the highest possible level in the meta-model. • In this case, only control rules govern the plasticity. CUI 22 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  23. Run-Time Plasticity in UbiDraw • Steps for run time plasticity as it is implemented in UbiDraw • Adaptation with UbiDraw always results from user initiative 23 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  24. UbiWidget 24 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  25. ContextWatcher • Assign a position and size to each UbiWidget when the context is changed • The UbiWidget draw itself • Strategy : • Consider UbiWidgets ranking, • Priority mechanism • Highest ranking are displayed first • Display the maximum number of widgets top left of the screen, with their minimal size 25 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  26. Links ContextWatcher and models 26 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  27. ModifyConfig • Goal : reconfigure the adaptation of the UbiMenuBar • Result: adaptivity & adaptability 27 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  28. ContextWatcher Size allocation • Example : 28 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  29. Outline • Introduction • State of the Art • UbiDraw • Evaluation • Conclusion 29 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  30. Method • Questionnaire-Based evaluation • 9 users : not enough but better than nothing! • Level of expertise using a PocketPC • Familiarity with computer supported drawing • Task Analysis – Four different task • Load an existing drawing - PocketPC • Draw a line - PocketPC • Draw a rectangle with mid-sized lines - PocketPC • Draw a house, resizing the canvas - Desktop • The first three tasks had to be realized as quick as possible. • Users were explicitly invited to test the plasticity of the application, that is to say to resize the main window to fit their task • Users were asked to indicate which adaptation mechanism they favored • ranking click number, click number Ranking 30 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  31. Method • The user was then invited to rank the available tasks according to his preferences • They were then invited to test the application with and without his customized ranking. Questionnaire • The results were collected in a questionnaire with items represented according to 7-point Likert scale. Strongly Disagree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strongly Agree (N/A) • Some space was left at the end of the questionnaires for positive and negative aspects, and for further comments. 31 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  32. Results and Discussion • User Testing • Preferences • Results 32 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  33. Outline • Introduction • State of the Art • UbiDraw • Evaluation • Conclusion 33 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  34. Conclusion • Original properties • A unique form of plasticity • A task-driven mechanism • An instantiation of the general software architecture for plasticity • A distribution of responsibilities • A reasonable usability • Consistency • Continuity • Further investigation is required to fully assess the usability properties of interest that are predefined in the plasticity notion. • UbiDraw is restricted to a simple context change: window resizing and change of platform • We did not investigate further how other changes of contextual properties may significantly or not affect the UI plasticity. 34 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

  35. Thank you very much for your attention http://www.usixml.org User Interface eXtensible Markup Language http://www.similar.cc European network on Multimodal UIs For more information and downloading,http://www.isys.ucl.ac.be/bchi Special thanks to all members of the team! 35 HCSE 2008, 2nd Conference on Human-Centred Software Engineering , Pisa, 25-26 September 2008

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